Oats worthy of sowing
Chasmanthium latifolium: Edible Wood Oats
Most people discover Wood Oats by mistake. They’re traipsing through the forest, come across a plant, and wonder “What are Sea Oats doing here?”
Wood Oats look very similar to Sea Oats except shorter, growing two to five feet tall, not three to eight. They are used the same way as Sea Oats, after windowed as a grain for cereal or ground for flour. Neither plant, however, is a true oat. They are also no longer in the same family, per se. They were both Uniolas but now Wood Oats are a Chasmanthium. Sea Oats (see separate entry) are still Uniola paniculata but some are moving it, too, into the Chasmanthium clan. Think of it as a botanical warlette.
Wood Oats are native to southeastern North America. They grows in rich woods, along streams, rivers, and in flood plains. They’re a common ground cover in bottomland forests, sometimes growing in colonies. They do not grow near the sea. Wood Oats are found from Arizona to Florida, north to Pennsylvania, west to Michigan, then southwestward through Iowa, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. It is also becoming a favored ornamental grass for landscaping. So you might find it downtown!
Ernie Jesse Palmer, 1875-1962
Botanically, Wood Oats are Chasmanthium latifolium (kas-MAN-thee-um lat-ah-FOL-ee-um) which means “gaping flower fat leaf.” Chasme and athner are Greek for “gaping” and “flower.” Latifolium is Latin for fat leaf. The plant used to be Uniola Palmeri (you-nee-OH-la PALM-er-ee.) Uniola means one because the plants bracts are united and Palmeri was to honor Ernest Jesse Palmer, 20th century English-born American explorer and plant collector.
Chasmanthium latifolium and Uniola paniculata have so many common names I made the decision here and elsewhere to call them by where they grow, Wood Oats because they grow in woods, and Sea Oats because they grow by the sea. It makes things a lot easier to remember.
Should you like the flavor and want to grow your own, Wood Oats are easy to raise. Give them moist soil, plenty of sun, and stand back. There are about six Chasmanthium species in the eastern and central United States and northern Mexico. Three alone in Texas. Wood Oats are the only species under cultivation and none of the other Chasmanthiums look like Wood Oats (excluding Uniolas.) One should also note there are no toxic native grass seeds in North America but be on the look out for ergot infection. That will manifest itself as a fungus spur on the seed head ranging in colors from black to pink to green.
Lastly,the Wood Oats’ leaves are a host plant for Linda’s Roadside Skipper, Amblyscirtes linda.
Green Deane’s “Itemized” Plant Profile
IDENTIFICATION: A perennial, clump-forming grass, wide leaves, nodding clusters of flat, oat-like seed heads, two to five feet, clump spread two or more feet, leaves are about one inch to eight inches long, flat, terminating in a sharp point. Leaves has distinct cross veining. Flowers flat clusters, spikelets, to two inches long, one wide, spikelets hang on thread-like stems in loose, open panicles above the leaves. Leaves and flower heads turn tan in autumn, reddish-bronze winter.
TIME OF YEAR: Blooms summer to fall, seeds summer to fall. Spikelets turn from green to tan to bronze
ENVIRONMENT: Moist but not water logged soil, full sun, will tolerate some shade.
METHOD OF PREPARATION: Winnowed grain as cereal or ground to make flour.
