Seasonal Sea Blite might be the best coastal foraged food. Photo by Green Deane
Several salt tolerant plants are worth foraging for and they don’t all grow near the shore. There are six locally, three growing most of the year and three seasonal. Of those prime for harvesting now is Sea Blite, Suaeda linearis.
You can find tuffs of Seablite along the shore.
Closely related to Lamb’s Quarters, Sea Blite is a wild green that many would like to make into a commercial crop or at least cultivated for consumption on a large scale. It’s nutritious, mild in flavor, and has a nice texture. Because it is salt tolerant it’s a good candidate for arid countries with a lot of sandy sea coast. It’s one of my favorite plants to use for seasoning other food such as stuffing a squash or a fish. The cooking moderates the saltiness and flavors what it’s cooked in. Away from the coast most salt tolerant plants are called seepweed because they grow near salt licks and the like. To read more about Sea Blite go here.
Glassworth or Sea Beans?
Another coastal plant is raising a small tiff in the foraging community. Glasswort (Salicornia bigelovii) has been used for food for a long time and in the production of glass. Unlike Sea Blight above, it can be found most if not all year although there is seasonal growth. Young green Glasswort is tender and flavorful. Older, reddish, plants are used for salt (which was their use in glass making.) Glasswort is segmented and easily cut or broken into what size you’d like. At least one restaurant in New England is serving it but they are calling it “sea beans.” To anyone living along the southern Atlantic or Gulf coast that’s sounds silly. “Sea Beans” are tropical seeds that wash ashore from central and South America. Many peple make collecting them a hobby. But as Glasswort can be cut into about the same size as young string beans and are green the association has been made. Thus internet writers are beginning to call them sea beans though it was just a marketing idea from a single restaurant. That’s how nonsense gets proliferated on the internet. Most foragers are sticking with Glasswort. To read about it go here.
Not all figs are edible, but the juice can be. Photo by Green Deane
What is it? The answer is barely edible. Many years ago while sipping a beer at an outside bar in Tampa I saw what looked like a large green fig. I was reasonably sure it wasn’t a product of the beer so some research was in order. The main problem with the Creeping Fig — besides barely making it into the edible realm — is growth pattern. The leaves and vines of the species when young are very small then at some point the plant transforms itself into a large vine and with leaves with little resemblance to what it used to be. Then it produces green fig-like fruit. The fruit basically is not edible. But the expressed juice jelled in water is. That’s a bit strange. To read about it, go here.
Foraging classes held rain or shine except for hurricanes.
Foraging classes:
Saturday, June 27th, Boulware Springs Park, 3420 SE 15th St., Gainesville, FL 32641 9 a.m.
Sunday, June 28th, Jervey Gantt Recreation Complex, 2390 SE 36th Ave., Ocala, FL, 34471, 9 a.m.
No classes over the 4th of July holiday weekend. For more information or to sign up for a class go here.
Do you know if this is edible or not? You would if visited the Green Deane Forum
Need to identify a plant? Looking for a foraging reference? Maybe you have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object, you want identified. On the Green Deane Forum we — including Green Deane — chat about foraging all year. And it’s not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations share common weeds so there’s a lot to talk about. There’s also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food. Recent topics include: Foraging for Reals, Unknown Ornamental, Pipsissewa uses? Artemisia douglasiana, Smilax, Yet Another Vine, Is This Cilantro or some kind of nettle? Mulberries Mulberries as far as the eye can see. What Kind? tincture or tea? Becoming a Wild Food Expert, Latex Strangler Vine in Blossom, Seminole Pumpkin Squash, Removing Oxalates, I Believe This Is a Tulip Tree, Virginia Creeper Again. Edible but too small, Here’s One I saw near the office, Transplanted Tree Root Structure, cultivated Apios Americana: Groundnut, My First Pokeweed, Yaupon Holly? Plantain? and Sand Toads? You can join the forum by clicking on the button on the upper right hand side of this page.
Newsletter #167. To subscribe to Green Deane’s weekly EatTheWeeds newsletter, go to the upper right side of this page.
Locally we have two sow thistles, spiny on the left, and common on the right. Photo by Green Deane
The Spiny Sow Thistle’s leaves terminate with a semi-circle.
When our local sow thistles are young it makes little difference which one we pick: They taste the same and have similar texture. But as they age they take on different characteristics. The spiny sow thistle’s soft spines eventually become stiffer. That makes it a bit rough on the tongue and can irritate some tummies. In old age it is really too spiny to eat. Also take a look at how the spiny sow thistle’s leaf — left — attaches to the stem. Notice not only the numerous spines but how the leaf terminates in a circular pattern. The leaf itself does not have a stem.
The leaves of the Common Sow Thistle reach past the stem.
To the right is the leaf of the common sow thistle. Not only is there an absence of true spines but the stemless leaf reaches past the main stem. That projection, one on each side, is called an auricle (an ear.) The common sow thistle is the kinder, gentler of the two and stays tender longer as it ages. Its leaves tend to be more distinctly lobes than the spiny sow thistle. Also the common sow thistle is a slightly bluer shade of green especially when it ages. The spiny sow thistle is also more shiny.
Dick Deuerling, 1990, co-author of “Florida’s Incredible Edibles”
Long-time Florida forager Dick Deuerling was well-known for having a few sayings. One was what I have called over the years “the Dick Deuerling” method. When someone said some wild plant was edible and Dick didn’t think so he would say: “Let me watch you harvest it, prepare it, cook it, and eat it. And if you are still alive in a couple of weeks I might try it.” Another of his sayings was “I only eat the good stuff.” Dick was a retired postman who in another life would have been a plant taxonomist. “Good stuff” to him meant more than edible. It had to be tasty. A fruiting plant soon coming into season here is edible and tasty but I’m not sure Dick would have put it on his foraging list: The Creeping Fig.
The Creeping Fig barely makes it into the edible realm. Photo by Forest & Kim Starr
The Creeping Fig hides before your eyes. It usually takes over a wire or concrete fence to the point the fence looks like a large, planted hedge. Sometimes it will cover an entire wall. But if the structure is wooden it will destroy it. When I say it is barely edible this does not mean it’s not tasty. It’s just a lot of work for something not often eaten outside of the orient. Creeping Figs themselves aren’t eaten per se but rather their cooked then jelled juice is. To read more about them click here.
My email has seen a significant increase in the following kind of message: Why isn’t XXXX edible? It looks like it is and I believe we should be able to tell by our senses if its edible or not. We should know what’s edible or not without having to be told. After all that’s how early man did it, right?” The next sentence usually says something along the lines that animals do just fine following their senses on what’s edible or not. That is where the argument breaks down. Humans know certain plants are toxic because we can pass on specific information. Animals can’t. Animals are poisoned all the time, thousands of cases every year, big and small, from eating something that made them sick or dead. In fact, agricultural losses was the genesis of “Poisonous Plants of the United States and Canada” by Professor John Kingsbury, still a standard reference. Many house plants around for centuries are deadly to cats and dogs who eat them now as they did a century ago. Thousands of humans also poison themselves every year as well with plants. Two species that people often think should be edible for us humans but are not are Peppervine and Virginia Creeper. Interestingly they were once in the genus (Ampelopsis) and are related to grapes.
Peppervine is Ampelopsis arborea. It produces large, inviting, shiny black berries that have varying degrees of peppery-ness. It can also cause contact dermatitis. There are 25 species in the genus, three in North America; the aforementioned as well as A. cordata and A. mexicana. The first two have been used for dying, brown on its own, orange with a mordant. There are sporadic reports of the berries being edible and many reports of them making people sick. Best guess is perhaps the offending chemical(s) might vary season to season or by location. Usually folks who report “eating” them only try a berry or two (no, I do not recommend you try it.) Another possibility is preparation. It just might be that the offending chemical(s) can be precipitated out (this is only a guess.) Cooking the berries and letting them sit in a refrigerator might do that. I don’t know. That’s for chemists and emergency room physicians to decide. My advice is leave it alone. You don’t have to eat any wild plant.
The related Virgina Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) is also on the want-to-be consumed list. Here the problem is worse. Authorities generally agree it is toxic, if not kidney damaging and deadly particularly to children. And it was that way for about 60 years. There was a pamphlet issued by the USDA in 1936 (during the Depression) about foods some northern tribes ate. The author, E. Yanovsky, said they ate Virginia Creeper berries. Most botanists thought he got it wrong — either the edibility or even the species — and left it at that. But an enthusiast’s book printed in 1996 mentioned the Virginia Creeper as edible (no evidence the author himself ever ate them.) Then in 2010 a very authoritative book repeated that they were edible (again no evidence the author ever ate them.) Now Yanovsky’s very questionable report is truth on the Internet.
The problem we have beyond the issue of basic edibility is also possible preparation. As foragers we already know that method of preparation can make the difference between a tasty meal and a trip to the emergency room. Were the berries seeded? Frozen? Fermented? Bletted? Dried? Roasted? Boiled? Stored for a year first? Mixed with something else? Even when you know something is edible that is not enough. The method of preparation is critically important. With these two species we have serious doubts about edibility as well as scant information on possible methods of preparation. That adds up to just leave them alone. They are in a family with a long history of making people sick.
Now, with all that said, there is one curious fact: In her book, Plants Poisonous To People In Florida, (1995) the encompassing Julia Morton, professor of botany at the University of Miami and grand dame of edible and toxic plants in the state, did not include either plant in what was to be her last book, left. For such a person that would have been quite an oversight or perhaps she did not think them worth mentioning. The plants are extremely plentiful where she lived so she would have certainly known about them. Perhaps she had no contemporary “poisonings” by them to report. Morton died in a car accident the next year so we’ll never know if a second edition might have included them.
I saw two advertising headlines on trucks recently that caught my attention. One was a flat bed for a company that paves driveways in Tampa. The clever sign said: “If your driveway’s crack it’s not our asphalt.” Good marketing but one suspects driveway stones that let rainwater though and don’t leach bad chemicals would be a better choice. The other truck was lawn maintenance. Its sign was more to the point: “If you grow it we mow it.”
The first thought that crossed my mind was why do people grow lawns? I might even go as far as to ask why do men grow so much grass since they do most of the home lawn keeping in the United States. Historically men have been the tamers of the wilderness which lawns might represent. When you add power tools and things you can ride, we might have part of an answer: Lawns are modern wilderness men have to tame. One friend said that when he’s done taking care of his lawn he feels a sense of accomplishment. He can see a difference, a job well done. I have a neighbor who has at best a thousand square feet of lawn total. He has a huge riding mower, a chipper, blower, hedge trimmer, edge trimmer and lawn vacuum. Nearly every Sunday his entire day is spent manicuring his small patch of grass. Another neighbor is trying to keep a lawn like a putting green. Indeed, I know two people who mow their lawn every day. Maybe lawns are maintained because they are there. As I have said before, trees earn their keep, lawns have to be kept. Perhaps the key to change is stop building new homes with lawns.
Lawn grass is the second-largest crop in the United States after another grass, corn (and I suspect if corn was not subsidized by the government lawn grass would be the largest crop.) Sixty percent of drinkable water in suburbia goes to watering lawns. Home owners also use 10 times more pesticides and fertilizer than they need to maintain their lawn (and far more than farmers use.) A lot of folks worry about the impact of Big Agriculture on the environment. What about the environmental impact of Big Lawn? Besides excess use of pesticides and fertilizer millions of gallons of gasoline and oil are accidentally spilt every year while working with those lawn-related power tools. Lawns just aren’t green. One can envision a transition over many years: First new homes without lawns being added then a lawn tax for those who must keep them. That will happen when politicians realize it is a new source of income.
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I’m often asked during my classes why I mention many plants that can be used to make tea. There are two answers:
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Candyroot
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Canna Confusion(1)
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Caulerpa: Warm-Water Salad and Pest
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Monstera deliciosa: Hmm Hmm Good!
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In police work there is the chain of possession. When evidence is collected, who has it, and where it’s kept is recorded constantly. With food we might call it…
The Teaberry Shuffle
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Before I go any…
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Atalantia buxifolia: Wine-Cake Thorn
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My mother was a horrible cook.I used to joke she thought I was a Greek god: Every meal was either a burnt offering or a sacrifice.I learned to cook…
How To Make Hard Cider
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While making my purslane video I was thinking back to a family friend who refused to eat purslane because it was a “weed.”
It had taken over about one third…
Climbing Fig, Creeping Fig(3)
If there is one thing about the Internet that irritates the sap out of me it is how mistakes proliferate rather than get corrected. I have ranted about…
Coconut, An Equatorial Palm
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Common Reed(1)
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The Mesolithic Era is not a sexy topic that will win friends and influence people at parties. But, it is something foragers should think about. If you are a…
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Coquina: Tasty Tiny Clam
Coquina: Donax: Good Eats
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Coral Bean: Humming Bird Fast Food
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Corn Poppy
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Corn Smut: Mexican Truffles. Corn Smut. Raven Scat. Ustilago maydis gets more unappetizing the further one goes down its list of names. The Aztecs called it huitlacoche. The Mexicans call it a delicacy.
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Americans did two interesting things when they moved from the farm to suburbia: They surrounded their homes with toxic…
Dactyloctenium aegyptium: Staple Grain
Grasses can be a pain in the …ah… grass…
First, books about grasses are few and incredibly expensive. Next,…
Dad’s Applewood Pipes(3)
Time edits your memories. It sands off the rough edges that were once painfully sharp. It makes some moments clearer by evaporating the fog of being…
Dahlia Pinnata
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Dandelions: Hear Them Roar(3)
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Daylily: Just Cloning Around
The daylily, a standard plant in foraging for a century or more, has become too much of a good thing and now presents a significan…
Dead Man’s Fingers
Decaisnea fargesii: True Ghoul Blue
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Does Anyone Know What Time It Is?(2)
It is time for my semi-annual rant and wish that G.V. Hudson had a different hobby. Hudson, a New Zealander, collected insects and was a shift worker. In…
During nearly every class I have students smell three or four plants — depending upon the season — and I ask them what common…
Dog and Cat(1)
Most Westerners would starve than eat their pet, and understandably so. There is a tacit agreement between pets and their owners. In exchange for putting…
Murdannia nudiflora: Tiny Dayflower Kin
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Cooking with Earthworms
The cartoon strip BC once had its peg-leg poet write: “The bravest man I ever saw was the first one to eat an oyster raw.”
Eastern Gamma Grass: Someone who supposedly knew their grasses wrote there are no toxic native North American grasses.
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Eating In Season(1)
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Edible Flowers: Part One (1)Nasturtium, Calendula, Spanish Needles, Arugula, Squash, Cilanto, Bee Balm, Carnation, Dandelion, Lilac
Which blossom will be your favorite edible…
Edible Flowers: Part Two (9)Tulips, Yucca, Begonias, Blue Porterweed, Queen Ann’s Lace, Dill, Gladiolas, Wapato, Impatiens, CitrusTulips are one of those wonderful flowers you…
Edible Flowers: Part Three (2)Mayflower, Chrysanthemum, Cornflower, Rose, Daylily, Elderberry, Chicory, Johnny-Jump-Ups, Linden, BananaA rite of spring in the frozen north, or at…
Society Garlic, Anise Hyssop, Black Locust, Gardenia, Fragrant Water Lily, Strawberry, Marsh Mallow, Maypops, Milkweed, Hollyhocks
It’s clearly not…
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Mahoe’s Blossoms Change Color
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Eels
Eels: Lunch, Slip Sliding Away…
I can remember the first time I caught an eel. It was in the Royal River in Pownal Maine, using an earthworm on the…
Edible Elaeagnus
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Sambuca’s Fine For Elderberry Wine
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Epazote: Smelly Food of the Gods
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Pyrrhopappus, Hypochoeris: Dandelion Impostors
Most people don’t notice False Dandelions because they have the real thing. But here in the South where…
Crepis Japonica: Seasonal Potherb
If the Crepis fits….wear….ah…eat it
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Citharexylum fruticosum: Edible Guitar
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Wild Ficus: Who Gives An Edible Fig?
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Finding Caloric Staples(8)
An Australian study tells us that modern day hunter gatherers get two thirds of their food from animals, one third form plants.
Firebush:
The Firebush is probably one of the most commonly planted unknown edibles. They are usually arranged in the landscape…
When I go to Greece I always stay a few days in Athens to get used to the time change and visit in-town…
Fish Sauce and Rotten MeatFish Sauce, Rotten Meat, and Other Garbage
There was a great scene from an episode of Barney Miller, a popular sitcom in the 70’s based in a…
Can you live off the land? Can anyone these days? I suppose the answer depends on what land, what you know, and whose else is also trying to live off it.
Whe…
Flamboyant FuchsiaMention “fuchsia” and most folks who recognize the word will think of a bright color. Personally I think of Fuchsia’s edible fruit and flowers.…
In one area of its native range — Israel — it’s endangered becauses of dwindling habitat. In another part of the world it is an invasive weed, and you can…
Foraging before there was botany had to be a lot easier than after botany. Someone showed you what was edible and that was that. Of course somewhere back along…
I was asked to write a short piece for a survivalist blog on getting started in foraging:
How are a Musician and a Botanist Alike?
As a professional musician I…
Of all the “survival” skills foraging is probably the most difficult to learn, or certainly the one that takes the most time and personal fortitude. It is one…
As many of you already know I am highly critical of the Internet as a source of information on foraging. This is not to say there isn’t quality information…
Forsythia Foraging For Forsythia
If you study the eating habits of North American Indians you learn one thing quite quickly. They weren’t mono-green eaters.…
Garlic Mustard: Gather Garlic Mustard now for pesto or it may disappear presto… well… maybe not immediately but if one university succeeds Garlic Mustard will become hard to find or extinct in North America.
Galinsoga’s Gallant Soldiers
Galinsoga ciliata: Quickweed is fast foodQuickweed does not look edible or gallant. In fact, it looks like a daisy that lost a fight. But it, and a…
Eating Gar, a Taste of the Primitive
There are two things you need to know about the Gar. The first is that it is very edible, really. The second is that…
Geiger Tree, Scarlet Cordia
Cordia sebestena: Foraging Geiger Counter
Foragers eat the mild fruit of the Geiger Tree and care not about the particulars. Botanists care about particular…
Why sudy with someone? Because student foragers see what they want to see rather than what’s in front of them. Let me give you consistent example.
There are…
Giant Taro
One can ignore large leaves for only so long, and the Alocasia macrorrhiza has big leaves, up to four feet long. As one might suspect, it also has a large…
Salicornia bigelovii, Brackish Nibble
Glasswort does not sound like breaking glass at all, though it does crunch a bit.
Salicornia bigelovii (sa-li-KOR-nee-a…
Golden Dead Nettle(1)
Lamiastrum is in the eye of the beholder.If you want a ground cover that will grow in dry, shady places, Lamiastrum is exactly what you’re looking for.…
Covered with a multitude of small hooks, Goosegrass, Galium…
Gopher Apples: Not Just For Tortoises Anymore
If you like the taste of pink bubble gum, you’ll like gopher apples, if you can find themWhy can’t you find them? Because nearly every woodland…
Ulex europaeus: Edible Gorse or Furze Pas
Gorse has edible flowers. It also has thorns… Really bad thorns.
In August 2005 an Englishman, Dean Bowen,…
Gout Weed(6)
Gout Weed does not sound too appetizing. Nor do some of its other names: Ground Ash, Ashweed, Pot Ash, White Ash, Ground Elder, Dog Elder, Dwarf Elder,…
Gracilaria: The pot thickens
People eat a lot of seaweed. They just don’t know it. In the industry it is called covert consumption vs overt consumption. What…
Vitis: Wild Grapes
Who ever first wrote the phrase “grapes of wrath” certainly must have been trying to identify a particular grape vine.
Grapes are at the…
Grass and Tree War(1)
Point of view, thinking differently… Consider:What if plants are more goal-orientated than we think them to be? After all, we put ourselves on the…
One of the reasons why Eat The Weeds exists is to advocate eating the wild foods around you but also to be another voice in the growing chorus that is…
If you have any comments or suggestions please send them to GreenDeane@gmail.com. The B&W picture is from a Christmas long ago. That’s Tinkerbell on my…
Green Deane’s Videos On You Tube
While these videos are still on You Tube and will soon be on DVDs, these links below do not work. In creating the page one character was dropped from every…
Physalis: Tomato’s Wild Cousin
I discovered ground cherries quite by accident.
It was back in the last century. I raided a particular field…
Ground Ivy(2)
Most of the time when someone mentions Ground Ivy the comment usually is something like “How do I get rid of the damned stuff?” Here at ETW we have have…
For the second time recently I was reminded of development. My favorite field of lamb’s quarters is now an upscale gated community. And where I used to forage…
Groundnuts: Dig ’em
I will never forget the first time I dug up Apios americana, groundnuts. I got poison ivy. Oddly it showed up in the crook of one elbow,…
Grub-A-Dub-Dub
It had to happen. If you forage for wild foods at some point you run in to grubs and related insects and you wonder… edible? And once you’re past…
Panicum maximum and then some
I eat grass. Actually we all do — rice, wheat — but my local trail nibble is Guinea grass, a relative to millet. I’d like to…
Guinea Pigs, Cavy, Cuy
Peruvians eat more than 65 million guinea pigs every year. That should answer any question about edibility.Sixty-five million guinea pigs (a 2005…
Hairy Cowpea(4)
It’s called a Cowpea but it’s not THAT cowpea, and it has a famous relative that no one calls by its botanical name.So which Cowpea is it? Vigna…
Halloween today is the most debatable of non-holiday holidays. With a past that perhaps goes back to Roman times it became in the Christian era All Hallows…
Hardy Orange: Is the Hardy Orange edible? That depends on how hungry you are, or which century you live in.
Cayra coffee, or Hickory Java
Hickories are not a migraine, but when you’re learning trees hickories can be a headache.
Just as plums and cherries are bothin…
High Bush Cranberry(1)
I miss High Bush Cranberries. They don’t grow within a thousand miles of here, and they aren’t really cranberries. But they are hearty and familiar fare in…
There’s an old joke. A man had a mule sit down under a load. Mules can be very stubborn. And despite all his efforts the man couldn’t get the mule to get up. I…
Lonicera japonica: Sweet Treat
The honeysuckle family is iffy for foragers. It has edible members and toxic members, edible parts, toxic parts, and they mix…
Carpinus caroliniana: Musclewood
British author Ray Mears must have been thinking of the Hornbeam when he said a forager mustn’t pass up food no matter how…
Horse Meat
“I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.”We’ve all heard the phrase, and it comes from when horse was on the menu. It was rather significant phrase to me as…
Conyza canadensis: Herb, Fire, Food
Conyza will light your fire!
If you’ve ever made fire with a bow and drill — you know, the Boy Scout way — you also know…
How Do Things Pan Out?
When Europeans began to migrate into tracts of North America what was the one thing they had the native Americans wanted more than anything else? Rifles?…
How Ungreen Of Us(29)
I’m reaching retirement age. I’m also reaching the point of being tired of being told how green we are today and how ungreen we were in the past. Oh? When…
Huckleberry, Blueberries Kissing Cousin
Gaylussacia: Huckleberry History
What’s the difference between a blueberry and a huckleberry?There’s almost an easy answer. The huckleberry…
The cookbook’s title says it all. South Florida, parts of Texas and Hawaii have iguana issues. While teaching a class in West Palm Beach last fall I could not…
Indian Pipes, Gold, and Emily Dickinson(8)
Monotropa is almost a monotypic genus. Instead of having one species in the genus there are two: Monotropa uniflora and Monotropa hypopithys.Most…
Potentilla indica: Mistaken Identity
One of the first things my uncle’s second wife said to me when I moved from Maine to Florida was “they have strawberri…
Glorifying Morning Glories
Three of the pictures below are are not of the same Ipomoea. It’s three different species, but that should tell you something.…
Is This Plant Edible?
For a surprisingly simple question there is often a complicated answer. If it’s sea kale, then the answer is yes, top to bottom. It is edible. It is…
I spend a lot of times in the woods, and also afloat. Three things you should always know in such environments are the cardinal directions, time of day, and…
Coccinia grandis: Cucumber’s Versatile Kin
I was riding my motorcycle one day when I rumbled over a raised railroad track in an industrial area and to my…
Jabuticaba: In it’s native Brazil the Jabuticaba is by far the most popular fruit.
Arisaema triphyllum: Jack and Jill and No Hill
For a little plant there’s a lot to write about with the Jack-In-The-Pulpit. Where does one start? What does…
Jambul(1)Syzygium: A Jumble of Jambul
The Jambul tree makes you wonder what people were thinking.For a half a century or so the United States Department of…
Japanese Knotweed: Dreadable Edible(9)Japanese Knotweed gets no respect. Nearly everywhere it grows it’s listed as a prolific, noxious, invasive, dangerous bad-for-the-world,…
Stomolophus meleagris: Edible Jellyfish
“Music to the teeth” is what the Malaysians call them.Americans may not eat jellyfish, but the…
Jerusalem Artichoke: Root Them Out(5)
There used to be a huge patch of Jerusalem Artichokes here in Central Florida beside the Interstate. Now they’re under a new exit ramp, and that was the…
Parkensonia aculeata’s Thorny Past
As foragers we are indebted to past writers and at the same time constrained by them.
People who chronicled how Native…
Jujube TreeZiziphus zizyphys: The Misspelled Jujube
If you don’t find the Jujube tree, it will find you. The Jujube is covered with long, sharp thorns. They…
Katuk grows reluctantly in my yard. It likes truly tropical climes and I am on the subtropical/temperate line. But it’s…
Kochia
Immigration brought weeds from around the old world to the new world. Quite a few of them came from southern Russia — the grassy steppes — to the…
Kousa Dogwood(2)
Cornus kousa: A Dog-gone-good Dogwood
The Kousa Dogwood is one of those plants that makes you ask: What is it?Its large, bumpy, red fruit looks like a…
Kudzu Quickie(4)Kudzu: Pueraria montana var. lobataThe government tells me that what grows up the street isn’t there.It’s kudzu, you know, the plant that…
Landmarks — accomplishments — are like a melody. Regardless of your taste in music, music is more than organized sound. Music firmly places you in time. When…
Language of Flowers: A flower is a flower is a flower. But in Victorian England, one of the most self-repressed societies in modern times, the practice of using flowers to communicate was developed.
I don’t see why not.
Is That A Garden?
Indeed, some might argue that is what my front lawn currently is. I really…
Lemon Bacopa: Let’s Call It Lime Instead
Lemon Bacopa, a misnamed edible nativeCall me cranky, but I think Lemon Bacopa has the wrong name.And, since it is wrongly named and no one comments on…
Cymbopogon citratus: A Real Lemon
Technically Lemon Grass is naturalized in only one county in Florida, but you can find it in many yards and landscaping, and…
Less Was Far More(4)
West of New Smyrna Beach, Florida, I stopped today and collected some thistle and took a few pictures. More than 50 years ago I marveled at the same plant…
Foraging is a treasure hunt because with perhaps 6,000 edible species in North America there is always a surprise now and then such as the Litchi Tomato.
The Locusberry rises to the occasion. When the soil is poor it is a foot-high tree. When the soil is good, it can be…
Looking for Lettuce
I like my 14,000 subscribers, and the email I get. Many of the questions I can answer or I can refer the writer to where the answer can be found. But….…
Loquat: Getting A Grip on Grappa(2)
Lovin’ Loquats: Eriobotryae Japonicae
Long before there were couch potatoes there were couch Loquats.Loquats are homebodies. Most people who live beyond…
Anredera cordifolia: Pest or Food Crop?
The Madeira Vine is a love/hate relationship. You will either hate it — as many land owners and governments do — or…
Hibiscus tiliaceus: Edible Chameleon
It’s difficult to find a hibiscus you don’t like, including the Mahoe.
In fact, to this writer’s knowledge all…
Mahonia Malange: When I first heard of the Mahonias it was a bit irritating. They’re widespread shrubs in the western United States and here I was in Florida. But as time revealed, we have a Mahonia here, just not a native.
Make My Day
It was one of those moments. I was biking along a rails to trails, stopping and taking pictures of this and that plant for past and future blogs. Better…
Mallow Madness(2)
Lunch Landscaping: HibiscusMy mother’s favorite flower is the Rose of Sharon, which of course didn’t even go in one of my ears and out the…
Maples: How Sweet It Is
Maple Walnut Ice Cream. It’s amazing what you can do with two trees and a cow. It was the prime ice cream of choice when I was young.…
Marijuana Machinations: You can’t rummage around the woods as a forager without running into someone’s marijuana patch.
Epigaea repens: Spring Sentinel and Nibble
It was an annual family ritual. Every spring when the snow had finally melted we’d go through the low Maine…
This is Green Deane being interview for the local PBS station for Thanksgiving, 2009. This show was voted their best episode of the year. http://www.wmfe.org/au…
Mesquite’s More Than Flavoring: It’s Food
If Euell Gibbons was still around he might ask, “have you ever eaten a Mesquite tree?” rather than his famous…
Morrenia odorata: Menace or Manna?
One spring I was looking for poke weed when I spied a liana I had not seen before. It had a large fruit that looked…
Thespesia populnea: Coastal Cuisine
One of my uncles had the type of personality that where ever he hung his hat, that was home. The Milo is much the same…
The name of my website is “Eat The Weeds (and other things too.)” If you wander around the long index — or click on the category “critter cuisine” — you…
My good friend Saul is a luthier. He repairs premium wooden instruments. It is not unusual for him to be working on a Stradivarius or a…
Monkeys and Weeds
Put five monkeys in a large cage. Then put a step ladder in the cage with a banana on top. Soon the monkeys learn to go up the step ladder and get the…
Moringa oleifera ….Monster…. Almost
If you have a warm back yard, think twice before you plant a Moringa tree.
Morels are perhaps the most foraged and prized fungi in North America.
Motorcyclists and Mushroomists. I used to have a friend named Randy Armentrout. He died about 20 years ago of a brain tumor. We knew each other well and attended many a social function…
Mountain Ash, Rowan: Long before Henry Potter Rowanwood wands were popular ancients carried talismans of the tree to ward off evil and ate the fruit.
Mugwort(3)
Like some other plants with famous relatives Mugwort gets lost in the negative publicity.Mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris, is completely over shadowed…
Cutting the Wild Mustard: Brassica & Sinapis
Lorenzo’s Oil and Canola, Too
If you can’t find a wild mustard growing near you, you must be living in…
Mustards, The Little
Coronopus, Descurainia, Cardamine, Erucastrum & Sibara
There are numerous “little mustards” that show up seasonally, to populate lawns and local…
Not So Heavenly Bamboo: Nandina
It’s not heavenly nor is it a bamboo, but Heavenly Bamboo is an edible, barely.
Naturalized in many part of the world…
Nasturtiums: Nature’s Nose Nabber
Peppery Nasturtiums Natives of Peru. Do the peppery nasturtiums make your nose twitch? Then you know how they got their common name. “Nasturtium” means…
Ceanothus americanus: Revolutionary Tea
New Jersey Tea wasn’t always called that. It was Red Root Tea until the Boston Tea Party. With no tea from China…
Non-Green Environmentalism(1)
Early on I developed two interests. One was foraging for wild plants. It assured me food where ever I went. The other was watching clouds, one of the few…
Nostoc: Nasal Nostalgia and Edible, Too
My website is “Eat The Weeds and other things, too.” Well this one of those other things. While I have put seaweed…
The 20th century was a hundred years of significant changes in what we eat. In 1900 food was … well… food, and real. No food pretended to be something it…
Lippia alba: Oaxaca lemon verbena
It all started with a little tour of his back yard.
He’s an aging Greek professor and doesn’t like lawn, so his back yard…
Only Plant In Its Genus(16)
Call it an occupational hazard but I began to wonder one day how many genera were unique, that is, they had just one edible species in them, the so called…
Maclura pomifera: The Edible Inedible
Sometimes everybody is almost wrong.
If you google “Osage Orange” or “Maclura pomifera” (mak-LOOR-uh pom-EE-fer-uh…
Oxalis: How To Drown Your Sorrels(2)
Sorrels are like McDonald’s restaurants: No matter where you are on earth there’s one nearby.That’s because the sorrels, properly…
Palmer Amaranth(1)
A farmer’s headache is not necessarily a forager’s delight.Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) has been a foraged food for a long time. It was used…
Broussonetia papyrifera: Paper Chase
If you are a forager, you will be told two things constantly: One is that the plant of your admiration is “poisonous.”…
Partridgeberry: Split personality(1)
Mitchella repens: Madder BerryThe Partridgeberry will not save you from starving but it can make your salad prettier and might keep you alive or ease…
Pellitory: Parietaria is a Whiz
Finding greens locally in the cooler months isn’t much of a challenge unless you’re looking for Pellitory . It likes to hid…
There are two ways of thinking about peppergrass, either as a real neat wild treat, or an obnoxious, noxious…
Perilla, Shiso (2)
The first Perilla I ever had came from a can, just like the kind sardines snuggle in. The leaves were very spicy and were used that way, as a spice. Later…
Persimmons: Pure Pucker Power
About the only bad thing you can say about a persimmon tree is that it has pucker power, if you pick it at the wrong time.
Pontederia cordata: In a PR Pickerel
Pickerel Weed Primer
If the Pickerelweed could commiserate, it would find a friend with the Natal Plum. The Natal…
Chenopodium album: Getting Goosed!
My first recollection of Chenopodium album, pigweed, came around 1960 via a neighbor named Bill Gowan.
Mr. Gowan was…
Pillbugs, Woodlice, Roly Pollies(4)
Armadillidium vulgare: Land Shrimp
What shall we call them? Roly Pollies? Pill Bugs? Woodlice? Sowbugs, or a half a dozen other names?They are…
Matricaria matricarioides for Your Tea & Salad
A hard-packed gravel driveway is the last place you would expect to find a delicate plant that makes an…
Plants can’t run. That’s why the vast majority of them are unpalatable or lethal. Guesstimates range from 5 to 10 percent of plants are edible. Let’s split the…
Podocarpus macrophyllus(4)Podocarpus: Your Own Hedge Fund
One can’t learn everything at once, and so I came to know the Podocarpus macrophyllus late in my foraging…
Poison Ivy Ponderings(28)
I did something this past week I have not done in some twenty years. I got poison ivy.Given what I do for a living, running around the wild all the…
Below is a circular published by the state of Florida in 1978. I think it is no longer in print though I have a hard copy. It is reproduced below. Visual…
There are less Christmas parties this year than in the past, with economic conditions reducing the usual yuletide cheer. Still, there are some traditions.…
Lycoperdon perlatum: Edible Puffballs
I avoided mushrooms for a long time, and with good reasons. Some of them are on par with cyanide and arsenic and…
Firethorn: Pyracantha Coccinea
I don’t think it is a coincidence that “ho ho ho bellies and Pyracantha jelly jiggle into the season just before…
Pyrrolizidine on my Mind(4)
How much pyrrolizidine is too much? Or perhaps the better question is how little is too much?First, what is pyrrolizindine? Pyrrolizidine (pie-row-L…
Quack Grass(4)
Plants of little use often have only one common name, or not even that. Plants that are valued or are a pest usually have too many names such Quack…
QueenPalm: The Queen Palm and I got off on the wrong frond. Before I met one I had read it was toxic. There are a few toxic palms but the Queen Palm is not one of them.
Radish, Mustard’s Wild Rough Cousin(7) Raphanus Raphanistrum: Radical Radis. The Wild Radish has an identity problem. It looks similar to it’s equally peppery cousin, the wild mustard. In…
Ragweed: Some 18 generations ago — 600 years ago give or take a few centuries — some Natives Americans stopped cultivating a particular crop and may have moved on to maize. About 150 years ago — five generations — American farmers were raising crabgrass for grain when they, too, moved on to corn, the descendant of maize. So what crop did the Indians stop growing? Ragweed, the most hay-fever causing plant in the world.
Having a famous relative can make one grow in the shadows, as three Perseas know too well.There…
Redflower Ragweed: The first time I saw Redflower Ragweed I thought I was seeing two species at once some weird combination of Tassel Flower and Fireweed. It’s way too big and has the wrong leaves to be a Tassel Flower but the blossoms remind one of a Tassel Flower but the rests of the plant looks life Fireweed/Burnweed.
Edible Cladonia: What’s not to Lichen?
Lichen can be harder to tell apart than twins in the dark. My guess my picture above is of Cladonia Evanii…
Resources
The quickest and safest way to learn foraging is with a local expert. You not only learn what there is to know but do not spend time learning things you…
Ringless Honey Mushrooms: The first time I thought I saw the Ringless Honey Mushroom was on my neighbor’s lawn.
It’s not smart or nice to lie about plants. It can get someone hurt. But the truth can sometimes be elusive, even with plants.
Rose Apple: The apple is in the Rose family but the Rose Apple is not though it can sometime taste like rose water… and watermelon… but not apples.
Roses
I’m not sure I found wild roses or they found me.I grew up in Maine. The local soil was usually either ground-up glacial sand, clay, which is decomposed…
Rumex Ruminations(1)
Mainer Merritt Fernald, who was the Harvard wunderkind of botany from around 1900 to 1950, said all of the 17 native Rumex species in North America…
Salsola kali: Noxious Weed, Nibble & Green
When you first encounter a Russian Thistle it is the very last plant you would consider edible. Wiry, tough,…
Sideroxylon: Chewy Ironwood
The Saffron Plum is not yellow or a plum, that is, it is not a Prunus. And it is called a Buckthorn but it isn’t one of those…
Batis Maritima: Salt of the Earth
It has a dozen or more names, but no one is quite sure about its scientific name, Batis maritima, (BAT-is mar-IT-i-ma.)
Serenoa Repens: Weed to Wonder Drug
Rotten cheese steeped in tobacco juice
That’s how starving shipwrecked Quakers described the flavor of the saw palmetto…
Two beans are grown for beauty, the Hyacinth Bean, edible with precautions, and the Scarlet Runner Bean, also edible.
Humming Bird at “Emperor” Blossom
It’s…
While most people find Sea Blite next to the sea, I find Sea Blite on the other side of the barrier…
Sea Buckthorn, SallowberrySea Buckthorn: Sour Source of Vitamin C
If you are collecting Sea Buckthorn you’re probably cold.Just as some edibles are found only in tropical…
Scirpus maritimus: a Tough Root to Crack
If you mention Sea Club Rush among foragers they give you a very blank stare. Understandably so. It was a fall-back…
Sea Kale
Sea kale is nearly the perfect primitive food. It’s difficult to imagine it not being on primitive man’s menu.We know from middens that seafood was…
Sea Lettuce, UlvaUlva: Sea Soup & Salad
Ulva is the greenest seaweed you will ever see from shore, or in the sea for that matter.Ten species, all edible, are…
Uniola paniculata: Feeling your sea oats
Opinions vary on Sea Oats. Not on flavor. They taste good. The questions are, are they endangered or not, and which…
Sea Oxeye: There are edible plants, and there are inedible plants. Then there are those that sit on the cusp of edibility: Edible but not tasty, edible in small quantities, edible but with a horrible texture, edible but strong-flavored.
Seven-Mile Appetizer
The squirrels are in hog heaven, if you’ll pardon the menagerie metaphor.
It’s Thanksgiving, 2007, in central Florida and I…
Sesbania Grandiflora(1)
Any plant called the Vegetable Hummingbird has to be written about.Sesbania grandiflora, has managed to work its way into warmer areas of the world…
Like a Suriname Cherry, you’ll either find the Seven Year Apple edible or disgusting. In fact, a lot of folks can’t…
Sida, Wireweed(5)
Sida is barely edible. A member of the Mallow mob it’s an object de interest because it is also a significant herbal medication, of which I am totally…
Blutaparon vermiculare: Beach Potherb
My first thought on seeing Silverweed “was what is clover doing growing on the beach.” Well, Silverweed isn’t a clover…
Paederia foetida: Much Maligned Skunk Vine
Sometimes botanists go a little too far, or at least Carl Linnaeus did when he named a particular vine Paederia…
Are Slugs edible? What about Snails?
There is only one rule you have to remember: When it comes to land snails, land slugs, and fresh water mollusks you must…
Smartweed
Polygonum punctatum: Smartweed. I can remember my first taste of a smartweed leaf… kind of like trying a piece of burning paper. Indeed,…
Colubrina elliptica: Mauby has Moxie
First there was Moxie, then Mauby… actually it was historically the other way around though few until now would know…
Society Garlic(3)
Because I am asked about it all the time I decided to do an article on it: Yes, you can eat Society Garlic… well… most of it, maybe all of it.The…
Solar cooking. Something new under the sun
Once you cook your first solar meal, you’re hooked.
Does it cost less than conventional methods? It can, but…
Sorrel: Not A Sheepish Rumex
Of all the Rumex that grow in the South, Rumex hastatulus is probably the most pleasing. The tart-tasting intensely green leaves are hard…
Sourwood: Sourwood honey is considered by some to be the best-flavored honey in North America, perhaps the world.
Sonchus: Sow Thistle, In A Pig’s Eye
As I write it is in mid-January in Florida two of three local species of sow thistles are invading my lawn in great…
Spanish Moss(3)
Spanish Moss is not edible. Well, barely an edible. The bottom of the growing tips (pictured above) provide about one eight of an inch of almost tasteless…
Spanish Needles, Pitchfork Weed(13)
Bidens Alba: Medical Beggar Ticks
Some plants just don’t get any respect. If there were a contest for under appreciated plants, Bidens alba , above…
Spiderwisp, Cat’s Whiskers, Spider Flower(6)
The spiderwisp looks like a mustard that lost its way or got some psychedelic-laced fertilizer. It has four-petaled flowers as the mustards do, seed pods…
Spiderwort: Pocahontas and Gamma Rays(4)
There are 404 years, as of Dec 20th, 2012, between the sailing of John Smith to the New World and spiderwort gamma rays, but they are…
Spinach Vine(1)
I like to think of myself as biclimatic, living part of my life (thus far) in a cold climate and part in a warm climate.
Spring Beauty(2)The Spring Beauty is aptly named.Actually there are several “Spring Beauties” and most of them are edible in similar ways. We’ll focus on…
Spurge Nettle: The Nettle With The Mettle(15)
Cnidolscolus Stimulosus: It’s The Real Sting
This is how to not dig up a spurge nettle root: Take a shovel, find a plant, and start digging.When…
Fragaria virginiana: Be A Strawberry Sleuth
Fragaria don’t like Florida. Only one northern county in the state reports having wild strawberries. But that’s…
Strawberry GuavaPsidium littorale var. cattleianum: Strawberry Guava
One man’s fruit tree is another man’s weed. My one Strawberry Guava tree is a fruiting…
Strawberry Tree, Koumaria, Koumara, Pacific Madrone, Madrona
Any plant called “strawberry” other than a strawberry is doomed. Strawberries pack a lot of…
Strongback Not strong bark Bourreria succulenta: Soapy Fruit and Viagra
Botanists are feisty in their own way. The Strongback is a good example. Is it B. succulenta or B. ovata? One…
Saccharum officinarum: Sweet Wild Weed
Among the edible wild plants on this site are a few escaped fruit trees and ornamentals that have become naturalized.…
Sugarberries are Hackberries with a Southern Accent
Sugarberries like to be near water and that’s why it caught my eye as I coasted by: It was growing on top…
Sumac, Rhus Juice, Quallah: Good Drink
Sumacs look edible and toxic at the same time, and with good reason: They’re in a family that has plants we eat and…
I had the pleasure this past week of having the well-know forager Sunny Savage visit two of my classes here in Florida (If you think she is attractive on TV…
Melitotus: Condiment to Tea to Blood Thinner
When I was growing up we owned horses. Lots of horses. And they eat a lot of hay in the winter. Lots of hay.…
Sweet Gum Tree(4)
The Sweet Gum tree is the sand spur of the forest. You painfully find them with your feet. The vicious seed pods have impaled many a forager and has done…
Sweetbay MagnoliaMagnolia viginiana: How Sweet It Is
Let’s say you want or need to trap a beaver. First you need a trap, but then you need to bait the trap. And…
Swinecress, Wart Cress: Micro MustardsCoronopus didymus/squamatus: Smelly Pot Herbs?
Opinions are mixed on Swinecress. I think it’s a nice walkabout nibble and pot herb. Others…
Nephrolepis cordifolia: Edible Watery Tubers
Edibles are often right under your feet, or my feet as it were.
I had a yard of non-edible ferns. If you like…
Sycamores Get No RespectSycamores: Not Just Another Plane Tree
Sycamore trees are not high on the edible list, unless you’re in need.Actually, sycamores, Platanus occidental…
Take Things Lying Down
Early in life I settled on a hobby I can do on a summer’s day, in a hammock, on my back….. No, it’s not napping. I watch clouds. Call it reclining…
Ximenia americana: Known by Many Names
If I listed this edible under its botanical name few would find it. On the other hand it has some three dozen commons…
Tamarind: I drove past a dozen Tamarind trees for a decade or so until I looked up one day. The lumpy brown pods on pretty trees had finally caught my attention.
Descurainia pinnata: Abandoned Seed
What shall we call this little member of the Brassica family? Western Tansy Mustard or Tansy Mustard? We could always…
Tape Seagrass(3)
It is said that all seaweed is edible but that’s not true. There’s at least one species that is not, Desmarestia ligulata. Why? Because it is laced…
Tar Vine, Red SpiderlingBoerhavia diffusa: Catchy Edible
Some times you just can’t identify a plant. Some times you’re frustrated for a few days, other times for a few…
Tassel, Musk and Grape Hyacinths(2)
There are dozens of edible species that are wild in Europe and cultivated or escaped in North America. Three related species with a multitude of names are…
Cordyline fruticosa: Food, Foliage, Booze
Simply called Ti (tee) Cordyline fruticosa spent most of its history with humans as a food, a source of alcohol, or…
Tick Clover(2)
Tick Clover barely makes it into our foraging realm.I have found only one reference to its edibility. In the 47th volume of the Journal…
Tiger Lily
The word “lily” causes more confusion than four letters ought to be able to make. There are true lilies, usually not edible, some of them quite toxic, a…
Manduca Cuisine: Eating Green Gluttons
You’re picking tomatoes and suddenly there it is: Big, ugly and green, a tomato hornworm. To which I say, get or the…
Over the years I have added a few items to my back pack that can make foraging more easier. You might want to add one or two of these items.
The handiest…
Topi Tambo, Leren, Guinea Arrowroot(2)
A lifetime ago off the Maine coast at low tide there were many mussel shoals. The vertical tidal change near the rock-bound coast can be measured in…
Torchwood
One reason to write about the Torchwood is very few people know about it these days yet it was once an esteemed wood and produces an edible, citrusy…
Toxic tomatoes: I rarely write about toxic plants because this site is about edibles. However there are enough prickly nightshades around to justify an article about them and how to identify them even if they aren’t edible.
Ravenala madagascariensis: Palm, NOT!
The Traveler’s Palm is reportedly known for providing wayfarers water, but it also has some food to offer as well.
Trilliam Trifecta: Every May Day — the first of May — we kids would hang a May Basket on our teacher Arlene Tryon and disappear off the school grounds.
Tropical Almond: I went to Ft. Myers one Friday to look at plants on an 11-acre monastery. On the property there was a large tree they didn’t know nor did I. The following Sunday while teaching a class across the state in West Palm Beach two students knew a tree there that I didn’t know. It was the same tree at the Monastery. Small botanical world. The tree was a Tropical Almond.
Tropical Chestnuts: Pachira aquatica(1)
My foraging existence is slightly schizophrenic. I grew up in a northern climate, and I write about many northern plants, or it is accurate to say that…
Tuberous Pea: Anyone who has mowed fields for hay hates vetch… wild pea. It binds up the machinery and a lot of livestock won’t eat it. That’s a lose lose all around unless the vetch is Lathyrus tuberosus.
Tuckahoe, Arrow Arum(2)Peltandra virginica: Starch Storer
You wouldn’t think there would be a connection between the United States’ Capital and a toxic bog plant, but…
Tulip Tree(9)
Not every edible plant has to be a nutritional powerhouse. Some are “edible” by the barest of means. A good example is the Tulip Tree, Liriodendron…
Tulips: Famine Food, Appetizer Assistant
Many years ago a social acquaintance upon learning I ate weeds said she and her mother had eaten tulip bulbs. If I…
Tupelos: Black, Swamp, Bear, Water, OgeecheeNyssus: Tart Botanical Tangles
The Black Tupelo is an old friend from around ponds where I grew up in Maine to around ponds (called lakes) here in…
TurtlesThe Shell Game: Eating Turtles
The evidence is clear: Man has been eating turtle for a long time. But which turtles and how?While land turtles…
Unresolved Botanical Ponderings(2)Cnidoscolus stimulosis: Can the leaves be boiled and eaten like other species in the genus? I personally know of two account of…
Usnea: Likable LichenUSNEA is not an international committee. It’s a likable lichen. In fact all but two of the 20,000 lichen are forager…
Valuable Viburnums: The only significant problem with Viburnums is choosing which one to use, and which ones to write about.
Velvet Leaf: Velvet Leaf is a commercial failure but a successful foreign invader.
Vinegar: Your own unique strain(5)
The vinegar mother above —three inches across and a half in thick — was collected from the wild in Lake Mary, Florida, in 1996 and has been making…
Calla palustris: Missen…Famine Bread. Like so many in the same family the starchy rhizome of the Calla palustris is laced with calcium oxalate crystals…
Water Chestnut: The Water Chestnut is a plant of contradictions.
Water Hyacinth Woes
Water Hyacinth Stir Fry: The state of Florida minces no words about the water hyacinth: “Eichhornia crassipes is one of the worst weeds in the…
Water Lettuce(5)
No one knows if Water Lettuce is native to North America or not. Botanists disagree with some saying it’s from Africa, a few South America. Explorer and…
Brasenia schreberi: Palatable Pond Weed
The Water Shield is edible. The problem is getting it sometimes. It likes water … up to six feet deep. On the good…
I am often invited to see someone’s vegetable garden, and it’s usually growing well. Then I’m asked if I see any edible weeds, and usually there are some. I…
Weeds of Southern Turfgrasses
The link to the university’s site to buy the book — I do not get a cut — is here.The list of known edibles in the book is below. Many of…
An arctic express of frigid air recently sped down and across the United States. Here in Florida it snowed for the second time in 33 years, delivering a week…
It’s a simple question with a complex answer. When I was younger the 1000 acres behind the house and the 2000 across the road answered that question. Today it…
There is little doubt that man has been foraging for food for a long time. As one might guess, in different places he foraged for different plants. He also…
Randia aculeata
The White Indigo Berry is not high on the food list. Dr. Daniel Austin, author of Florida Ethnobotany, has this to say on page 562:
White man’s Little Foot: Dwarf PlantainWhite man’s Little Foot: Dwarf Plantain
Plantain, Plantagos To Go
When I was about 10 a bee stung my hand while I was being a pest in the…
Who’s Manipulating Whom?
I don’t care for Salvia coccinea. It’s not edible and it likes to crowd out my herbs. I’m forever removing it from flower pots. The other day I was about…
Often I am asked “why forage for wild food?” Why that question is asked is probably worthy of an article unto itself. But here let’s focus on one answer (out…
Wild Carrots and Queen Ann’s LaceDaucus Carota & Pusillus: Edible Wild Carrots
I’ve never understood the confusion over identifying the Wild Carrot also called Queen Ann’s…
Feral Citrus: Snack, Seasoning and Soap
Citrus, like apples when left unattended by man, tend to revert to their natural state of being sour and acidic. A lot…
Psychotria nervosa Florida Style
Because I am constantly asked about it: Yes, you can eat the pulp off the seeds of the wild coffee, and yes, you can make a…
Wild Dilly: Almost Chique
If the Natal Plum and the Wild Dilly could sit down and have a conversation they would probably agree that having a famous…
Wild Fennel: One of the outstanding sensory experiences of hiking in Greece is smelling in the wild herbs one usually buys in little plastic containers.
Wild Flours(8)
A wild flour is different than a starchy root. The Spurge Nettle has a starchy root that tastes like pasta but it does not lend itself to being processed…
Wild Ginger: Wild Ginger is cantharophilic, sometimes myophilic or sapromyophilic.
Allium canadense: The Stinking Rose
Garlic and onions don’t like to set underground bulbs here in hot Florida. I got around it by growing wild onions,…
Bromelia pinguin: Wild Pineapple
I took the picture directly above while out bicycling on a Christmas Day, 2008. But, didn’t identified the object de green…
Wild Rice(4)
Love and marriage, horse and carriage, Zizania and canoe… not exactly lyrical but you get the idea. If you want Wild Rice you have to go where the Wild…
I have long criticized what I call chemists in the kitchen. They brought us such things as cancer-causing additives, artery-damaging trans-fats, insulin-skewing…
Salix caroliniana: Nothing Would Be Finer
The willow is not prime eats. It’s not even secondary eats. In fact, it is famine food, but, willow can also cure…
Winter Foraging: The thermometer was near zero one day when I was on ice skates collecting frozen cranberries.
On the shortest day of the year one should take a long look around. It’s the inventory time of year, a bit of soul searching. That requires a little looking…
Wisteria Criteria(3)Wisteria, Wistaria
There is a duality to Wisteria, starting with those who think it is an invasive weed and those who like to eat its sweet, fragrant…
Chasmanthium latifolium: Edible Wood Oats
Most people discover Wood Oats by mistake. They’re traipsing through the forest, come across a plant, and wonder…
Yacon(1)
Is it a Polymnia or a Smallanthus? Botanists took some 70 years to make up their minds. Let’s call it Yacon like the natives.In publications before…
The “Cheeky Yam, or Yam on the Lamb
Yam B, Dioscorea bulbifera, is definitely second best to Yam A, Dioscorea alata. Why is Yam B, the D. bulbifera second…
Dioscorea Polystachya: Yam C
Just like Rambo movies, there is Yam A, Yam B and, yes, a Yam C, the Chinese Wild Yam or the Cinnamon Vine yam, either way we…
Yaupon Holly, Ilex vomitoria(10)
History has many layers and shades. It’s not a straight timeline of great clarity but more like a meandering muddy river with much confluence, influence…
If you could choose one wild plant to become a commercial product, what would it be?
Many people have tried to make poke weed (Phytolacca americana) a green…
Yucca’s Not Yucky(5)Yucca, Yuca: Which is Edible?
When isn’t a yucca a yucca? When it is spelt with one “C” as in yuca.What’s the difference? A belly ache, maybe…
Paw Paws saved and infected the Lewis and Clark expedition in September 1806 in Missouri.
Pawpaws will be fruitinging soon. Photo by Green Deane
Here in Florida we are past paw paw flowering season. They will be fruiting soon if you can find them before the woodland creatures. Unfortuntely the ripe window is only about 10 days to two weeks. Paw paws grow from Florida to southern Canada. Locally paw paw are small shrubs that remind one of their relatives, themagnolias. In the Carolinas where I hike often paw paws are a common large tree. The fruit look like a cross between a potato and an avocade. Don’t touch the seeds then your eyes, which is perhaps what happened to three men in the expedition.
They were the favored fruit of George Washington and a famous food of the Lewis and Clark expedition.Just before they got back to civilization the expedition ran out of food and for a week or so lived off paw paws. What follows is an 18th century recipe for the paw paw from James Townsend and son, 18th century cooking. The final results resembles a one -crust pumpkin pie.
Remove the pulp of several paw paws. Ripe paw pawa have a custard texture think over ripe mango You want about a cup or more for the pie. We don’t eat the skin or seeds epeially not the seeds. Mash the pulp in a bowl to reduce stringiness and to make sure you have removed all the seeds. add a cup of milk or creamand one egg.whisk to make it as smooth as possible, add spices of choice such as nutmeg and ginger and or cinnamon and a tablespoon of mild molasses. Whisk again to remove most of the lumps. Bake for 80 minutes at 250 F. degrees. Make sure it is Completely cooled off before slicing. I study 18hth century cooking because is like two things… camping cooking inside and cooking with what’s on hand or seasonally with limited kitchen tools. I have a video here.
Blosssom end rot on a Cherokee Purple
if you are new to gardening or like me, you ignored your tomatoes though the winter they can get Blossom End rot. which is the first sign of a calcium deficiency. Calcium (or one of many forms of lime in the water can stopthe problem. Other garden plants is the nighshade family can get blossom end rot particularly eggplant.Lye, lime or Dolomite added to the watering can is the solution. A quick inexpensive fix is go to a hispanic market and ask for CAL.Add a tablespoon of CAL to your watering can. You only have to treat your effected plant just once.
If you nixtamalize corn with pickling lime (CAL) you can use that water when it’s time to discard it .
While I am having a calcium issue I am not having predatory bug isssue. To kill off the bugs I fight fire with fire, nicotine. Years ago I used plug tobacco which is too expensive now as is chewing tobacco which used to be 5 cents for a “Plug” the size of a deck of cards. Now what I do i I buy a pack of cheap cigarettes or a cheap all-tobacco cigar and boil either in two cups of water (Boiling kill off any nighshade viruses on the tobacco so you can us the concoction on tomatoes, egg plant and pepper as well as other plants.Strain the cooked tobacco from the water and put the water in a spray bottle add a drop of two of dish soap and spray away. Most commercial plant bug spray contain nicotine as he “active” ingredient. This year I m raising some high nicotine tobacco for the expressed purpose of killing bugs “naturally.”
Picking Creeping cucumber after cutting off the blossom end.
In Ft. Pierce las week we saw a lot of “mouse cucumbers” so I brought home a pocket full and i’m turning them into pickles.Will bring them to a future foraging classs. Fermenting cukes or cabbage or schopped piderwort is easy is easy. The basic recipe rarely varies. One tablespoon of non -iodized salt per cup of water or per pound of material. Spices of your choice (such as poor man’s pepper grass or wild garlic.) The prime mistake people make when fermenting is not assuring the material they are fermenting is kept submerged in the brine. What ever sticks out from the liquid will turn moldy. Rocks. plates glass plugs, chards of pots and baggies full of vinegar or water can be used to hold he fermenting material under the surface. your nose and taste but will tell you when they are ready. If material mole, just remove it the rest under the liquid is fine. You can watch a video about ceeping cucumbers here.
Mulberries resemble over-grown blackberries. Photo by Green Deane
Blackberries and mulberries after coming into season.They are bright red turning dark purple now and will for several weeks. For two fruits in different genera they taste remarkably alike and ripen at about the same time locally — early April to late April. Red Mulberries are native to North America and are the bane of many cities in that the fruit stains sidwalks. To read more about blackberries go here, a video on mulberries here
I was given a vanilla-making kit by Seminole County Master Gardeners… just add vodka. Planning ahead, it should be ready
by Chistmas;Thank you master gardeners. Your local county extension office and master gardeners are the folks to see about any cultivated plant issues you might have such as when to plant and or what bug or fungus is bothering your carefully raised greenery.
Foraging classes this weekend are on the southern part of the state. east side Saturday, west side Sunday same latitude ye different plants in season.
Saturday April 2nd, Dreher Park, West Palm Beach, 1200 Southern Blvd., West Palm Beach, 33405., 9 a.m. to noon. Meet just north of the science museum.
Sunday April 3rd, Red Bug Slough Preserve, 5200 Beneva Road, Sarasota, FL, 34233. 9 a.m. to noon meet at the playgound
Saturday April 9th,Eagle Park Lake, 1800 Keene Road, Largo, FL 33771, 9 a.m. to noon, meet at the pavilion nest to the dog park.
Sunday April 10th, Mead Gardens, 1500 S. Denning Dr., Winter Park, FL 32789. 9 a.m. to noon Meet at the bathrooms.
Saturday/Sunday May 7th & 8th, Honea Path, South Carolina, classes at 9 a.m. and 1 p.m. each day.
For more information, to pre-pay or sign up go here
My nine-DVD set of 135 videos has been phased out and replaced by 171-videos on a 128-GB USB, see left. The USB videos are the same videos I have on You Tube. Some people like to have their own copy especially if social order falters. The USB videos have to be copied to your computer to play. If you want to order the USB go to the DVD/USB order button on the top right of this page or click here. That will take you to an order form. Or you can make a $99 donation, which tells me it is for the USB (include a snail-mail address.) I’d like to thank all of you who ordered the DVD set over the years which required me to burn over 5,000 DVDs individually. I had to stop making them as few programs now will read the ISO files to copy them. Burning a set also took about three hours.
Green Deane Forum
Want to identify a plant? Perhaps you’re looking for a foraging reference? You might have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object, you want identified. On the Green Deane Forum we — including Green Deane and others from around the world — chat about foraging all year. And it’s not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations share common weeds so there’s a lot to talk about. There’s also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are also articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food. Recent topics include: Fermenting potatoeswith yogurt, make a water filter, nixtamalization at home, Stale Bread and Cod Liver Oil, Life’s a Grind, Killing Bugs with Tobacco Plugs, Eating weeds: Is it safe? Have they mutated? Not the Eastern Red Bug but the Pink Tabebuia, African Tulip Tree, Asparagus densiflorus, Green Deane’s Book… You can join the forum by clicking on the button on the upper right hand side of this page.
This is my weekly newsletter #501. If you want to subscribe to this free newsletter you can find the sign-up form in the menu at the top of the page. My website, EatTheWeeds.com, which is data secure, has over 1500 plants on it in some 428 articles. I wrote every one myself, no cut and paste.
To donate to the Green Deane Newsletter clickhere.
If you’re thinking Eucalyptus you’re close. Photo by Green Deane
Count Torelli had the bright idea of using eucalyptus trees to drain malarial swamps.
I add about one new species a month to my data base. After a class Saturday in southwest Florida a gentleman asked me to look at a tree he was having a hard time identifying. Like him I, too, had no idea what it was though I could guess where it was from and some of its relatives.
The seeds are not edible. Photo by Green Deane
On Drance Street in Port Charlotte, the tree is very tall. It immediately reminds one of a eucalyptus. I first thought it was an Alectryon excelsus, or the Titoki tree from New Zealand. My only problem with that was the Titoki tree is a sub-canopy species to 30 feet. This tree far exceeds that height and not all the leaves were right. After a lot of rummaging I have settled on Corymbia torelliana. It used to be called Eucalyptus torelliana. Corymbia is from corym, a flower cluster. Torelliana honors Count Luigi de Torelli of the Italian senate (d. 1887) who promoted the use of eucalyptus to dry the malarial Pontine mashes near Rome.
There were several Chaya shrubs nearby. Photo by Green Deane
Aboriginal names for the tree are Cadaga and Cadaghi. Australians also call it the Blood-Leaf Gum. It is also known as Torell’s eucalyptus. Originally brought to Florida for windbreaks they can grow 50 feet in 20 years. Adult height is between 90 and 100 feet. For a windbreak they are planted six to 10 feet apart in a single row. As it grows straight and tall it requires little if any pruning. The tree is useful for honey production.Interestingly the building near the tree in Port Charlotte has several planted Chaya shrubs. They have leaves that are edible cooked. (Pick with gloves and long sleeves on as they are related to our stinging Spurge Nettle.) You can read about Chaya here.
Classes are held rain or shine (but not during hurricanes.)
Scheduling foraging classes is iffy this time of year. It can be truly too hot in the southern end of the state for a three-hour class. One also has to outguess the weather and look long term whereas in the fall one can book out three months. Last Saturday Tropical Storm Fred decided to stay south a few hours longer and we had a cloud-covered but dry class in Port Charlotte. The trip north, however, was drenching. Saturday’s class is in Largo, always a nice location to visit. It used to be a working farm. Sunday’s class is not held too often and is about 10 miles north of downtown Orlando at Sanlando Park. We skirt some athletic fields and visit the Little Wekiva. It’s also a location that often has huge amount of Creeping Cucumber.
Saturday August 21st, Eagle Park Lake, 1800 Keene Road, Largo, FL 33771. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the pavilion near the dog park.
Sunday August 22nd, Seminole Wekiva Trail, Sanlando Park, 401 West Highland St. Altamonte Springs, Florida 32714 (at the intersection with Laura Avenue.) We meet in the first parking lot on your right immediately after the entrance. 9 a.m. to noon.
Saturday August 28th, Boulware Springs Park, 3420 SE 15th St., Gainesville, FL 32641. Meet at the picnic tables next to the pump house. 9 a.m. to noon.
Sunday August 29th, Mead Garden: 1500 S. Denning Dr., Winter Park, FL 32789. Meet at the bathrooms. 9 a.m to noon.
The other surprise this week came at a private class west of Daytona Beach. A shrub had one, shriveling, fruit. As with the tree above one could guess its relatives. I used to have a Strawberry Guava and this fruit was similar except larger and a different color. However the shape, texture and flavor was right. Most likely it was intentionally planted as there were two Loquats nearby and a Bauhinia nearby (the latter has edible blossoms.) Again after some digging I settled on Psidium littorale (said SID-ee-um lit-aw-RAY-lee) the Lemon Guava or P. guajava (a closer look at the leaves should sort that out.) They are usually found in south Florida and are native to Brazil. The fruit contains a high amount of vitamin A and folate. It also has vitamins C (with higher concentrations in the skin) and B-complex vitamins as well as potassium. It also providesflavonoids, terpenoids, carotene, lycopene, soluble fibers, and amino acids. It was a nice find. Leaf tea has been used to reduce blood glucose levels. The species grows easily from seeds and fruits in about seven years. In many areas the Guavas are invasive.
As the Ground Cherry ripens the husk turns golden. Photo by Green Deane
It was fruit day Saturday during our class in Port Charlotte. The mangoes were done but the Java Plum (Jambul) was just starting and Star Fruit littered the ground. A great tasty surprise was many ground cherries. There are several species locally and those were Physalis viscosa. I pocketed some seeds for planting. Also fruiting in profusion were coco-plums. There were so many I picked ten pounds and will try to make a couple experimental gallons of wine. Also fruiting was the Natal Plum which is not really a plum but a close relative to the toxic Oleander. All parts of the Natal Plum are toxic except the ripe fruit. We also got to taste some non-commercial Dragon Fruitfrom some candle cactus. The Podocarpus is ripening, too. It clearly is the time of year to look for wild edible fruit.
One can find ripe persimmons from late August to early January though October is a good target month. Photo by Green Deane
During Sunday’s class at Blanchard Park we got to see a fruiting Persimmon Tree up close and personal. They are mostly green this time of year but one has to ripen before the others. While we aim for October for ripe persimmon sometimes you can find one or two already ripe this time of year. Persimmons are much maligned because they are astringent until extremely ripe. From the tree’s perspective it does not want the fruit carried away by animals that can taste sweet until the seeds are ready to germinate. So the fruit stays non-palatable to most creatures until the last moment. The fruit seemingly turns sweet overnight. No frost is needed. The best persimmons are the ones you have to fight the ants for. The place to look for Persimmons trees are along edges…. edges of forests, edges of roads and rivers and paths. To read more about the Persimmon, which is North American’s only ebony, go here.
Green Deane videos are now available on a USB.
My nine-DVD set of 135 videos has been phased out and replaced by a 150-video USB. The USB videos are the same videos I have on You Tube. Some people like to have their own copy. The USB videos have to be copied to your computer to play. If you want to order the USB go to the DVD/USB order button on the top right of this page or click here. That will take you to an order form. I’d like to thank all of you who ordered the DVD set over the years which required me to burn over 5,000 DVDs individually.
Green Deane Forum
Want to identify a plant? Perhaps you’re looking for a foraging reference? You might have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object, you want identified. On the Green Deane Forum we — including Green Deane and others from around the world — chat about foraging all year. And it’s not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations share common weeds so there’s a lot to talk. There’s also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are also articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food.
Your donations to upgrade the EatTheWeeds website and fund a book were appreciated. A book manuscript has been turned it. It had 425 articles, 1326 plants and a third of a million words. What it will be when the publisher is done with it next year is unknown. It will be published in the spring of 2023. Writing it took a significant chunk of time out of my life from which I have still not recovered. (Many things got put off.) The next phase is to update all the content on the website between now and publication date. Also note as it states above the 135-video DVD set has been phased out for 150-video USB. Times and formats change. Which reminds me I need to revisit many plants and make some new videos.
The controversial two-leaf nightshade. Photo by Green Deane
And what are we to do with the Two-Leaf Nightshade, Solanum diphyllum? This native to Mexico and Central America was first spied in the United States in Miami in the early to mid-1960s. It has spread since then and is a common shrub in south and Central Florida as well as parts of Texas and in southern France, Italy and Taiwan. It’s almost always reported as toxic. I wrote “almost” because people tell me they have eaten a few ripe berries without noticeable issue. They have also eaten them in my classes with several witnesses. Our usual sources of plant expertise are no help with this greenery: Daniel Austin in his tome Florida Ethnobotany doesn’t mention the plant though he was a professor of botany in south Florida when the species was proliferating. His University of Miami boss, the crusty Yankee Julia Morton, doesn’t do us much better.
In her book Plants Poisonous To People in Florida she calls it Amatillo. Instead of having it in the main section of the book it’s in the back under “other toxins.” After a description she writes: “The ripe fruit is sweetish, not acrid like the Jerusalem Cherry, but the green fruit and leave probably contain solanine.” She adds “In one pasture, where there were several of these bushes, a horse had optical abnormality, was staggering and weak in the hindquarters and may have grazed on the foliage.” I think that means don’t eat the leaves. Morton finishes her entry with “We must regard it with suspicion until we have actual evidence of toxicity.” I would add the species in not mentioned in the Journal of Economic Botany which spans some seven decades and was created to bring lesser-known plants to public attention and use.
Not only is there a dearth of credible references regarding edibility reports fall short in the medicinal realm as well. An “Amatillo” is mentioned in Duke’s Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America. Unfortunately it is a totally different species, Rauvolfia tetraphylla. Apparently there are several species commonly called “Amatillo.” No doubt there is a grandmother in Central America who knows exactly what to do with Solanum diphyllum fruit. The species is conspicuously missing from several publications about fruit in tropical climates. As a Nightshade it probably has some uses. The species might be mentioned in some Spanish texts but while I can misspell in two languages Spanish is not one of them.
This is weekly newsletter #470. If you want to subscribe to this free newsletter you can find the sign-up form in the menu at the top of the page.
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lf you were wondering, Cinnamon trees do grow in Florida. Photo by Green Deane
As is often the case one can walk past edible species many times and not notice them. What can bring them to your attention is that they change in some way, often fruiting. This was the case with a Spanish Cherry in Dreher Park in West Palm Beach. I walked past it for years until it was fruiting one day. This was also the situation with a Cinnamon Tree we saw in Sarasota last Sunday during a foraging class: It was fruiting. In fact, the back yard it was growing in also has a Loquat and some tropical yellow-blossomed tree. I was walking over to look at those when I saw this third tree crowded in. Large and fruiting, it had slightly aromatic leaves. Someone suggest Cinnamon and I had to admit I had no idea what it was though the fruit reminded of elongated Camphor fruit which is in the same genus as Cinnamon. The leaves were slightly aromatic. It’s the inner bark of the Cinnamon Tree that is used for flavoring and do know two species are used for spice purposes. You might want to make a distinction regarding which one you consume. There is the Chinese Cinnamon, and the Ceylon Cinnamon.
Chinese Cinnamon is the most common, sold in bulk, and the one used in commercial recipes such as cinnamon buns. When you buy “cinnamon” powder or “quills” (bark rolls) in the grocery story it is usually the Chinese Cinnamon, botanically Cinnamomum aromaticum which is also called Cinnamomum cassia. Its quills, which are really rolls of cambium, are dark brown-red in color and have a rough texture.Ceylon Cinnamon is from India and Sri Lanka. Botanically it is Cinnamomum verum and is also called Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Its quills are tan-brown and have a soft texture. Ceylon Cinnamon is, as one might suspect, significantly more expensive than Chinese Cinnamon. (A quick way to tell them apart before bark processings is the Chinese Cinnamon has longitudinal striations on young branches, below left. )
Young Chinese Cinnamon bark has longitudinal lines. Photo by Green Deane
The key essential oil in both species is cinnamaldehyde. It gives cinnamon its flavor and aroma. However the Ceylon Cinnamon has less of that oil than the Chinese cinnamon so it has a less intense flavor. It is also very low in a chemical call courmarin. Chinese Cinnamon is significantly higher in coumarin. Courmarin reduces clotting like the drug Coumadin does (and how the medication got it name. See my article on Sweet Clover.) Chinese Cinnamon is 1% coumarin and can amplify the effects of other blood thinners. Ceylon Cinnamon at 0.004% has 250 times less coumarin (if I have my zeros in the right place.) If you eat a lot of cinnamon you might want to switch to the Ceylon variety (sold at Whole Foods et cetera.) One or two teaspoons of Chinese Cinnamon can put you over the daily limit for coumarin. In some European countries commercial bakeries are prevented by law from using the Chinese Cinnamon because of the high coumarin content. On the other hand if you eat a huge amounts of leafy greens that might provide enough Vitamin K1 to off set the reduction of clotting caused by the coumarin. It could be a nutritional balancing act. Just know there are two kinds of cinnamon, they vary in price, availability, intensity of flavor, in their coumarin content, and in their ability to reduce blood clotting… and they will grow in Florida.
An easy to find and eat wild edible. Photo by Green Deane
One of the easiest wild fruits to identify, especially this time of year, is non-commercial “Dragon Fruit.” They look like small pink footballs on candlestick cactus (species Cereus.) What’s unusual about these pink pods is they are spineless and the seeds are soft thus you can cut them off the cactus and eat them out of hand. Or, you can chill them in the refrigerator. The white inside has the texture of an overripe watermelon and the black seeds are soft. Definitely a treat. While you can cut them off with a knife a pair of nippers works best. Which exact species you have can be elusive though the pink fruit is edible on all of them. The “genus” has many false, wrong and/or archaic names. It does not help that retailers a century ago often just made up names. Often found in landscaping and old lawn-waste piles, they are tall and ribbed with clusters of long thorns on the ribs. The blossoms are cream-green in color, large, and open at night. You can read more about the cactus here.
Foraging classes are held rain, shine, hot or cold. Photo by Nermina Krenata
Foraging Classes: It’s the time of year to begin visiting places a bit too warm in the summer such as Haul Over Canal. Also this weekend there will be a class in Gainesville. As the weather has changed perhaps we’ll see some Ringless Honey Mushrooms.
Saturday October 19th, Boulware Springs Park, 3420 SE 15th St., Gainesville, FL 32641. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the picnic tables next to the pump house.
Sunday, October 20th, Haulover Canal, Merritt Island National Refuge, north of the Kennedy Space Center. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the west end of the northwest canal road. This class meets about twice a year because federal authorities can close the area without notice. This location requires the most walking, about four miles total.
Saturday October 26th, Wickham Park: 2500 Parkway Drive, Melbourne, FL 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the dog park.
Sunday October 27th, Colby-Alderman Park: 1099 Massachusetts Street, Cassadaga, Fl., 9 a.m. to noon. Meet near the bathrooms.
Saturday Nov. 2nd, John Chestnut County Park: 2200 East Lake Road, Palm Harbor, FL 34685. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the beginning of the Peggy Park Trail inside the park.
Sunday, November 3rd, Mead Garden: 1500 S. Denning Dr., Winter Park, FL 32789. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet in the parking lot near the rest rooms.
Saturday November 9th, Blanchard Park, 10501 Jay Blanchard Trail, Orlando, FL 32817. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet next to the tennis courts by the YMCA building.
Sunday, November 10th, Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge, 2045 Mud Lake Road, DeLeon Springs, FL. 9 a.m. to noon. This class is rare because the federal property can be closed without notice. Meet at the first parking lot west of the railroad tracks.
Saturday, November 16th, Florida State College, south campus, 11901 Beach Blvd., Jacksonville, 32246. 9 a.m. to noon. We will meet at building “D” next to the administration parking lot.
Sunday, November 17th, Eagle Park Lake, 1800 Keene Road, Largo, FL 33771. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the pavilion by the dog park.
Saturday, November 23rd, Dreher Park, 1200 Southern Blvd., West Palm Beach, 33405. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet in the parking lot just north of the science center.
Sunday, November 24th, Bayshore Live Oak Park, Bayshore Drive. Port Charlotte. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the parking lot at the intersection of Bayshore Road and Ganyard Street. 9 a.m. to noon.
For more information about the classes, to sign up or to pre-pay for one go here.
Winged Sumac, berries are tart like an apple. Photo by Green Deane
Our Sumacs are happy. Everywhere you go now they are sporting terminal clusters of garnet-colored berries. It’s time to harvest Sumacs for use today or next year. There’s a wide variety of Sumacs. Locally it’s the “Winged Sumac” Rhus copallina which means “sticky red.” In other areas of the country it can be the Staghorn Sumac. Shapes and quality vary but they always have terminal clusters of garnet-colored berries, give or take a hue. The berries have hair on them. And on the hair is malic acid, the acid that makes apples tart. You can rinse the acid off and make a vitamin-C rich “lemonade.” The berries can then be dried, ground, and used as a spice. And in the springs the shoots can be peeled and eaten raw or cooked. If you are worried about Poison Sumac it grows only in wet spots, has a much different leaf, and when in fruit has white berries positioned farther down the stem, not terminal clusters. Also Poison Sumac leaves have bright red stems.
The best persimmons are the ones you have to fight the ants for. Photo by Green Deane
Besides the aforementioned Sumac what you should also be finding now are Persimmons and Saw Palmetto berries, just about the opposite on the flavor scale, sublime to you-gotta-be-kidding-me. Saw Palmetto berries ripen about mid-September but stay around for a month or more. They are strong flavored so try only a little. Their flavor reminds one of vomit. I also had a ripe persimmon a month ago but they are more an mid-October fruit. They are just coming into season locally where I look for them every year. Sometimes you can find them as lated as January locally. As for other seasonal forageables Creeping Cucumbers are still producing as are Cocoplums and Simpson Stoppers featured in last week’s newsletter.
Yellow Pond Lily seeds resemble corn kernels. Photo by Green Deane
This might be a good time to write about Yellow Pond Lilys. While they fruit rather continuously the pond residents are putting forth a fall crop now. Plants may not have a brain they can have a strategy, or at least so it seems. Many of them protect their seeds in various ways until they are ready to germinate. The Persimmon Tree above comes to mind. The fruit is astringent until the seeds are mature enough to germinate. Then the fruit turns sweet attracting various animals to eat it — those that can taste sweet — to spread the seeds around. The Yellow Pond Lily works in a similar fashion. Seeds that are not ready to germinate are bitter. As the plant dies the floating seed pod rots over a three week period. When the seeds are ready to germinate the protective bitterness is removed by enzymatic action. This makes the seeds also edible. Of course we humans can take advantage of the system by collecting the seed pods ourselves and controlling the rotting process (by putting them in water for three weeks.) Then we get the seeds and dry them for use in various ways. You can read more about the Yellow Pond Lily here.
Donations: I had a large donation last week. Thank you very much. It was timely as WordPress went down for several days. If anyone would like to donate to this website and newsletter they can use this Go Fund Me link, this PayPal donation link or by writing to Green Deane POB 941793 Maitland FL, 32794. Again, thank you.
Foraging DVDs make a good gift to watch during the lifeless months of winter.
Foraging DVDs make a good gift to watch during the lifeless months of winter.All My Videos are available for free on You Tube. They do have ads on them so every time you watch a Green Deane video I get a quarter of one cent. Four views, one cent. Not exactly a large money-maker but it helps pays for this newsletter. If you want to see the videos without ads and some in slightly better quality you can order the DVD set. It is nine DVDs with 15 videos on each for a total of 135 videos. Many people want their own copy of the videos or they have a slow service and its easier to order then to watch them on-line. The DVDs make a good gift for that forager you know especially as spring is … springing. Individual DVDs can also be ordered or you can pick and choose. You can order them by clicking on the button on the top right hand side of this page (if your window is open wide enough.) Or you can go here.
Do you recognize the edible species on the left? Both of them? If you read the Green Deane Forum you would. Perhaps you’re looking for a foraging reference? You might have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object you want identified. On the Green Deane Forum we — including Green Deane and some 8,000 others from around the world — chat about foraging all year. And it’s not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations share common weeds so there’s a lot to talk about. There’s also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are also articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food.
This is weekly newsletter 376. If you want to subscribe to this free newsletter you can find the sign-up form in the menu at the top of the page.
That’s how starving shipwrecked Quakers described the flavor of the saw palmetto berries in 1692, “rotten cheese steeped in tobacco juice.” The account is in a 103-page report on Saw Palmetto written by Dr. Edwin Moses Hale in 1898:
“There is no doubt that the aborigines of the Florida peninsula depended largely upon the berries of the saw palmetto for their food. In a very old book, with a quaint title page, published in 1796, are narrated by Jonathan Dickinson the adventures of a shipload of Quakers who were shipwrecked on the coast of Florida… The shipwreck occurred [24 September] 1696. They were captured by the Jaega Indians, who were believed to be cannibals. After terrible sufferings, a part of the men and women arrived at St. Augustine. Dickinson narrates that on their [capture] they were taken to the wigwam of the “casseky” or chief who “seated himself on his cabin, cross legged, having a basket of palmetto berries brought him, which he eat very greedily.” These Quakers, while with the Indians, nearly starved to death. The only food given them were fish and berries. Their first trial of the berries was not favorable. “We tasted them, but not one among us could suffer them to stay in our mouths, for we could compare the taste of them to nothing else by rotten cheese steeped in tobacco juice. …. of the palm berries we could not bear the taste in our mouths.” Even when almost starving “the Indians offered us some of their berries, which we endeavored to eat but could not; the taste was so irksome and ready to take out breath from us when we tried to eat them.”
Dickenson’s account of the journey
Hale, quoting Dickinson, goes on to say the Quakers did learn to tolerate the berries and the boiled juice of the saw palmetto helped feed and save Dickinson’s infant son. That makes sense: The berry is loaded with oil and sugar. In his book, the good doctor also describes eating them: “The berries are at first exceedingly sweet to the taste, but in a few seconds this is followed by an acrid, pungent sensation that spreads to the fauces, nasal mucous membrane and larynx. This is in turn succeeded by a feeling of smoothness in all those parts, as if they had been coated with oil.” He likened the flavor to butyric acid that grows stronger with age.
Some Internet pundits — no doubt copying each other — call the shipwrecked account about eating the berries humorous. That is woefully misplaced. Their ship, the Reformation, a barkentine sailing from Jamaica to Philadelphia, was wrecked off Jupiter Island, near Hobe Sound, by a hurricane. Twenty survived the wrecking and subsequent “capture.” And though starving they had to wrestle with the idea the Indians wanted to fatten them up for slaughter — cannibals only eat strangers. Released after several weeks of captivity they had to make their way on foot the 230 miles up the coast to St. Augustine, five of them died along the way from starvation and exposure. No food, no water, in a hostile strange land with often hostile natives. Hardly humorous. They were semi-captured as second time by the Ais Indians and endured yet another hurricane. One can still read of the harrowing account in Dickinson’s narrative (abbreviated title) : God’s Protective Providence, Being the Narrative of a Journey from Port Royal in Jamaica to Philadelphia Between August 23 1696 and April 1, 1697. The book was reprinted 16 times in English, and three times each in Dutch and German between 1700 and 1869. Today it is known as Jonathan Dickinson’s Journal. Dickinson, by the way, went on to twice serve as mayor of Philadelphia. There is now an 11,500-acre state park in Florida, the Jonathan Dickinson State Park, about five miles from where they were shipwrecked.
Personally, I think the black ripe berries of the Serenoa repens (sair-ren-NOE-uh REE-penz) tastes like an extremely intense, very long-lasting, exceptionally peppery piece of blue cheese. It is also very close in flavor to the gastric juices we sometimes burp up and coats our throat. Blue cheese/gastric juice, intense, mouth coating, near burning. Discarding the seed unless I plan on squeezing it for oil, I eat one berry at a time, with wine, and still it is very intense blue cheese-esque…. not as good as blue cheese, but more intense, on the verge of being gastric juice. Not something to eat without a chaser… you have been warned.
Saw palmettos have multiple “heads”
Old time Seminole Indians said you shouldn’t eat more than five palmetto berries at one time. If you eat it with hot water it will bother your mouth for a while. They may know a thing or two about that. They still squeeze the berries, but add a little sugar with the juice, and drink it as a tea. In the early 1900’s in Miami you could buy “Metto” which was saw palmetto juice mixed with sugar and carbonated water. And as much as Dickinson said none of his party could eat them the berries were exported to Europe nearly as century earlier in 1602.
Fortunately for us there is more to forage off the saw palmetto than the berries. The terminal buds of the growing trunks contain heart of palm just like the cabbage palm does except it’s smaller. Taking it from the saw palmetto does not kill the many-trunked palm. The growing bottom ends of young fronds are also edible, after one carefully pulls them out. You get one or two bites off those but it is work hauling them out. You pull them out by putting on some thick leather gloves, grabbing the youngest stalk firmly, and yanking. Where it breaks is edible. Also the stems can be chopped, ground, mixed with water, strained and an edible starch settled out.
The Saw Palmetto cover about 10% of the state of Florida and is a major source of honey. There are actually two varieties, one with yellow green fronds and ones with blue green fronds. Both of them also produce wax in their leaves but the wax from the blue green variety is preferred. Besides that the plant is used for fiber and thatching. Seminole Indians still make their dolls out of 100% saw palmetto fiber. It stems provide a good cork substitute, the root pulp was used to plug WWII ammunition, and the root makes a natural scrub brush.
Saw palmetto in blossom
In a modern day twist the saw palmetto berries have several medical application so this “irksome” weed is a $70 million or more business in Florida. They’ve even had to pass laws to prevent unauthorized saw palmetto berry pilfering. Has a $500 fine. We now know saw palmetto berries have a positive effect on the male reproductive system, though the studies are mixed. Older Seminole Indians called the berries the “spring of life.” Some think this is where Ponce De Leon got the idea there was some fountain of youth in Florida. Talk about a mistranslation. I processed 10 pounds of berries. Five pounds were dehydrated, and five went into vodka. The dried saw palmetto berries had a milder flavor. The ones in vodka moderated, too, but took on a tougher texture like think cardboard.
Incidentally, be careful when foraging for palmetto berries. Palmetto thickets are favorite place for the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake, not only on the ground but in the fronds. The snake often climbs the plant on sunny days to get off the hot ground and enjoy the shade. It is also where their prey like to escape as well. Proceed carefully. Creatures that like to eat the berries include raccoon, fox, black bear, gopher tortoises, white tailed deer, feral hogs, water birds and even fish. Butterflies like it, too. In fact the plant provides food or cover for some 100 birds, 27 mammals, 25 amphibians, 61 reptile species and numerous butterflies. Cows fed saw palmetto berries produce richer milk, perhaps because the berry is loaded with oil. Two thirds of the oil is comprised of free fatty acids including capric, caprylic, caproic, lauric, palmitic and oleic acids.
Sereno Watson, Phd.
Incidentally, the heart of the Sabal etonia aka Sabal minor can also be eaten. It resembles the saw palmetto but its stalks have no saw-like teeth. It is also rather rare, so don’t put it on your dinner plate unless it is development kill.
The genus, Serenoa, is named for shy Harvard botanist and herbarium curator Sereno Watson, 1826-1892. His name means calm, peaceful. Repens means “creeping.” The palm has many branches and creeps out in all directions along the ground.
Green Deane’s “Itemized” Plant Profile
IDENTIFICATION: A small palm, six to twelve feet, sprawling, grows in clumps or dense thickets. Leaf stalks are covered with saw like teeth.
TIME OF YEAR: Fruits ripen in fall, heart available year round.
ENVIRONMENT: Sandy ridges, flatwood forests, coastal dunes, islands near marshes, hardwood hammocks, dominant ground cover in some southeastern pine forests, sometimes covering hundreds of acres. Seen inland as far as Arkansas
METHOD OF PREPARATION: Fruits raw or dried, heart raw or cooked. Crown end of growing leaf, trail side nibble. The seeds are edible raw or cooked but is an acquired taste.
If you were starving and came upon a patch of cattails you would have great cause for celebration. You have found food, and water. You will survive. But if you are not starving and do not have all the time in the inter-connected world you just might find cattails highly overrated.
It is true that no plant can produce more starch per acre than cattails, about 3.5 tons under cultivation. And it can produce a lot of starch economically if you can mechanize the extraction. But hand extraction is time consuming and labor intensive. It is also wet, smelly work all of which can be worsened significantly by harvesting in cold weather. So yes, cattails are food but the time demand is such that harvesting food has to be your prime occupation.
A similar argument can be made for kudzu. The roots do have edible starch but it takes a gargantuan amount of work to get the starch out, literally hours of steady pounding. It is not a calorie positive activity. It moves you closer to starvation. But, mechanize the process with some hammers run by falling water — or hammers run by a horse fed on an endless supply of grass — and it becomes a reliable calorie-positive food.
Just how good are these wild “staples” came up in a foraging class this weekend when it was asked why did the Native Americans eat acorns when they need so much processing? There can be several answers. One is the natives had no choice and they had a lot of time to process acorns. It was their 9-to-5 job, so to speak. Another is acorns are nutrient dense and have fat which is not only nice but essential to have if you can’t run down a buffalo. A third answer is variety. The menu only changed with the season so variety was important. One could also add that acorns, if cared for, store well for a few years making a food bank one could rely on.
All these foods if approached efficiently are calorie positive. But,they take time and calories to make edible. Another variable is whether the food is for one on the run or for a group in a settled situation. It makes a difference. Personally I look for shortcuts. I roast the cattail root reducing the labor and time needed significantly. I look for Live Oaks (white oaks) that have acorns with minimal tannin thus requiring less work. And I reduce that work by crushing the nutmeat in an oil expeller first. This extracts the oil and mashes up the acorns so they leach faster and more completely. Having a nutsheller to shell them also reduces hours of work down to minutes. As for kudzu I look for little roots the size of my fingers, or I feed the leaves to goats and let them turn it into something easier to work with, such as milk.
Some wild food requires little work some a lot. Much of what comprises success with wild foods is knowing the difference and the most efficient way to harvest a particular food. Still interested? Here’s an article on “wild’ flours.
While seasonal changes are not as dramatic in warmer climates we definitely do have them regarding plants. Pellitory is all but gone for the season. We shouldn’t smell its cucumber-like aroma again until Thanksgiving or so. Sow Thistles are reaching the end of their season as well. Most are past the stage of eating. On the gangbuster side are Blackberries and Creeping Cucumbers. Blackberries will be done soon but the mouse cucumbers will keep on producing until a fall frost, freeze or the really short days of the winter solstice. Dare I also mention we are getting a huge crop of Black Nightshade berries, Solanum americanum. I have yet to make a pie out of them — I really don’t like to bake — but I eat the berries all the time as a trailside nibble. Just make absolutely sure they are ripe. And in reference to ripe our Lantana berries are starting to ripen but are toxic when green. You want them dark, metalic blue.
My foraging classes this weekend (May 25/26 2019) are mid-state and west coast, Orlando and Largo (north of St. Petersburg.) Blanchard presents a wide variety and in Largo one is never sure of what one will find. It has large array of natives, escapees and plants that come with civilization.
Saturday, May 25th, Blanchard Park, 10501 Jay Blanchard Trail, Orlando, FL 32817. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet next to the tennis courts by the YMCA building.
Sunday, May 26th, Eagle Park Lake, 1800 Keene Road, Largo, FL 33771. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the pavilion near the dog park.
Saturday, June 1st, Bayshore Live Oak Park, Bayshore Drive. Port Charlotte. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the parking lot at the intersection of Bayshore Road and Ganyard Street. 9 a.m. to noon.
Sunday, June 2nd, Wickham Park: 2500 Parkway Drive, Melbourne, FL 32935-2335. 9 a.m. to noon.Meet at the “dog park” inside the park.
Saturday June 8th, Wekiva State Park, 1800 Wekiwa Circle, Apopka, Florida 32712. 9 a.m. to noon. Arrive early as there will be a lot of people wanting to go to the springs to swim. There is a park admission Fee: $6 per vehicle. Limit 8 people per vehicle, $4 for a single occupant vehicle, $2 pedestrians or bicyclists. Meet at the Sand Lake parking lot (road on left after entrance. Go to end of road.) Unlike city parks or the urban area, Wekiva Park is “wild” Florida. There are very few weeds of urbanization. The edibles are mostly native plants and far between. There is a lot of walking in this class.
Sunday, June 9th, Red Bug Slough Beneva Road, Sarasota, FL, 34233. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the parking lot.
Saturday, June 15th, Eagle Park Lake, 1800 Keene Road, Largo, FL 33771. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the pavilion near the dog park.
Sunday, June 16th, Ft. Desoto Park, 3500 Pinellas Bayway S. St. Petersburg Fl 33715. Meet at the parking lot of the fishing pier, northeast end of the parking lot. 9 a.m. to noon. There is a fee to get into the park. The fishing pier is about halfway along the SW/NE road along the southern end of the park. There is only one fishing pier. This is also father’s day so perhaps you can go fishing or swimming after class. High tide is at noon that day at the park. Also that evening at 7:15 pm. there is a “shoot the full moon” event at the park. It is to watch the full moo16n rise between the Sunshine Skyway Spans.
Saturday, June 22nd, Blanchard Park, 10501 Jay Blanchard Trail, Orlando, FL 32817. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet next to the tennis courts by the YMCA building.
Sunday, June 23rd, Spruce Creek Park, 6250 Ridgewood Ave. Port Orange, 32127. GPS: N 20°05’35.4″ W080°58′.26.2″ 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the pavilion.
Saturday June 29th: Ft. Meade Outdoor Recreation Area, 1639 Frostproof Highway, Fort Meade, FL 33841. (Frostproof Highway is also Route 98.) 9 a.m to noon. Meet at the brown bathrooms in the middle of the park which is due south from the highway. (Not the tan bathrooms near the intersection.)
Sunday June 30th, John Chestnut County Park: 2200 East Lake Road, Palm Harbor, FL 34685. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the trail head of the Peggy Park Nature Walk, pavilion 1 parking lot, inside the park.
Saturday, July 13th, Sunday July 14th, 1624 Taylor Road, Honea Path, South Carolina. Ever want a class with Green Deane but he never seems to come to your neck of the woods? Then mark mid-July on your calendar. Green Deane will have at least four foraging class in Honea Path. Times 9 a.m. and 1 p.m. both Saturday and Sunday, rain or shine (except hurricanes.) Cost is $30 per adult, supervised children free. All of Green Deane’s classes are hands on, walking outside over two to three hours. Wild edible plants, medicinals and perhaps a mushroom or two will be on the agenda. For more information you can contact Putney Farm on Facebook or Green Deane at GreenDeane@gmail.com.
Saturday, July 20th, Blanchard Park, 10501 Jay Blanchard Trail, Orlando, FL 32817. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet next to the tennis courts by the YMCA building.
Sunday, July 21st, Dreher Park, 1200 Southern Blvd., West Palm Beach, 33405. 9 a.m to noon. Meet just north of the science center in the north section of the park.
Gopher apples don’t travel well. In fact, Gopher apples don’t look well, either. About the size and shape of a large olive they are pink, pasty, soft and best eaten right off the bush. Don’t put them in your pocket! Gopher Apples are blossoming abundantly. Their season can fluctuate a lot. It’s not unusual in most years to find edible Gopher Apple by this time of year. And while Gopher Apples are usually low-growing, less than a foot tall, I have seen them a yard high. They often look like young oaks. You can read more about Gopher Apples here.
Donations to upgrade EatTheWeeds.com have gone well. Thank you to all who have contributed to either via the Go Fund Me link, the PayPal donation link or by writing to Green Deane POB 941793 Maitland FL, 32794.
Want to identify a plant? Looking for a foraging reference? Do you have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object you want identified? On the Green Deane Forumwe chat about foraging all year. And it’s not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations around the world share common weeds so there’s a lot to talk about. There’s also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are also articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food. One special section is “From the Frightening Mail Bag” where we learn from people who eat first then ask questions later. You can join the forum by clicking on “forum” in the menu.
All My Videos are available for free on You Tube. They do have ads on them so every time you watch a Green Deane video I get a quarter of one cent. Four views, one cent. Not exactly a large money-maker but it helps pays for this newsletter. If you want to see the videos without ads and some in slightly better quality you can order the DVD set. It is nine DVDs with 15 videos on each for a total of 135 videos. Many people want their own copy of the videos or they have a slow service and its easier to order then to watch them on-line. The DVDs make a good gift for that forager you know especially as spring is … springing. Individual DVDs can also be ordered or you can pick and choose. You can order them by clicking on the button on the top right hand side of this page (if your window is open wide enough.) Or you can go here.
A few newsletters ago it was mentioned Mulberries were in blossom (photo left.) There’s plenty of green fruit now and a few early-ripening ones. Resembling over-grown blackberries but completely sweet you eat all of it except the short stem… or you can eat that, too. In fact, I just nibble them off the tree. Like many fruit trees they are highly seasonal, producing for perhaps a month though with a bit of travel you can extend the season. You have to work with its schedule not yours. The Mulberry is also considered a trash tree locally because it drops a lot of purple-black berries on oh-so-clean sidewalks and manicured lawns. In fact, they’ve even bred a fruitless ornamental variety … have your mulberry but don’t eat it, too… Don’t forget the young leaves are edible cooked. To read more about the Mulberry go here. To see my video on Mulberries, click here.
Creeping Cucumber are starting to fruit. In Sarasota the fruit was not only ready for picking but some fruit were ripe enough to collect seeds for propagation. Mid-state they are small vines not quite blossoming, and, in Jacksonville the frost-intolerant cuke is barely up. Mentioned many times in recent newsletters the Creeping Cucumber makes a nice trail-side nibble and salad ingredient. Oddly they don’t pickle well but I suspect that might be caused by not removing the blossom end before pickling. To read more about the jelly-bean size cuke click here. To see my video on these mouse cucumbers go here.
While it is too early for a lot of Coco-plums we found a few in Port Charlotte. They do resemble a small plum with an almond-like seed inside. Made into jam and jellies or eaten out of hand, the pulp is often disparaged by writers and called forgetable. It is mildly sweet and has a texture similar to wet marshmallow fluff. It is not a competitive commercial texture but tasty enough. The seed however, removed from it’s woody hull, tastes like Granola. Ripe Coco-plums can be red, white or blue, or dark purple. The most common variety used in landscaping in south Florida is the Chrysobalanus icaco var. pellocarpus, the so-called “red tip” because its young leaves are ruddy. Oddly Coco-plums are about six weeks apart from the west and east coast of Florida at the same latitude. I have noticed the difference many times. You can read about Coco-plums here. My video is here.
Foraging classes this week include a new location, Ft. Meade Outdoor Recreation Area. This is about a mile east of Ft. Meade, Fla., which is really getting close to the true center of the state. This will be my first class at this location so there is a lot of exploring to do Saturday. And the next day, Sunday, my class is in West Palm Beach. More about that below.
Saturday, March 30th: Ft. Meade Outdoor Recreation Area, 1639 Frostproof Hwy, Fort Meade, FL 33841. (Frostproof Highway is also Route 98.) 9 a.m to noon. Meet at the brown bathrooms in the middle of the park which is due south from the highway.
Sunday, March 31st, Dreher Park, 1200 Southern Blvd., West Palm Beach, 33405. 9 a.m to noon. Meet just north of the science center in the north section of the park.
Saturday, April 6th, Florida State College, south campus, 11901 Beach Blvd., Jacksonville, 32246. 9 a.m. to noon. We will meet at building D next to the administration parking lot.
Sunday, April 7th, Boulware Springs Park, 3420 SE 15th St., Gainesville, FL 32641. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the picnic tables next to the pump house.
Saturday,April 20th, Blanchard Park, 10501 Jay Blanchard Trail, Orlando, FL 32817. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet next to the tennis courts by the YMCA building.
Saturday, April 27th, Red Bug Slough Beneva Road, Sarasota, FL, 34233. 9 a.m. to noon.
To learn more about the classes or to register for one go here.
In West Palm Beach, Sunday’s class location, the last of the “winter” foragables easy to find: Pellitory, Poor Man Pepper Grass, and False Hawks Beard. You can see Amaranth and a lot of pink-blossomed Oxalis. We usually nibble on Smilax tips,Purslane, a few dried Dove Plums, just-sprouting and the ever-popular blossoms of the Blue Porterweed, which is something of a Green Deane Special being the first foraging website to mention its edibility. The class location, Dreher Park, also has an excellent large Silk Floss Tree (Ceiba speciosa.) Totally covered with huge thorns it has an edible seed oil. Perhaps it is not a practical edible but it is an impressive sight. There is also a Tropical Almond, always tasty. My video on the Tropical Almond is here.
A couple of non-edible flowers were seen this week, both of which should be avoided. The Mexican Poppy is starting its seasonal run. It can have yellow or white blossoms and is extremely well-armed. Covered with prickles it visually it carries a stern warning: Don’t mess with me. The Mexican Poppy might have some medicinal uses but is not edible. I see it often near and about railroad tracks, sometimes in arid pastures. The other species and potentially more dangerous is Butterweed. I don’t know which of the two are more toxic but Butterweed has the complication of resembling wild mustard when young. When it blossoms Butterweed clearly is not a mustard but from a short distance away and a quick glance there is a resemblance. It also does not have a mustard taste. In fact it has a mild flavor but DON’T EAT IT. The species contains pyrrolidines. The plant can put you in the hospital and threaten your life. It will damage your liver.
During our foraging class in Port Charlotte this last week we found some early ripenening Surinam Cherries. That location also has two variety of the Suriname Cherry, black fruited and deep red fruited. Surinam Cherries taste awful until totally ripe. Even then many folks do not like the flavor. Your pallet will either say this is food or this is not. No in betweens. Seriously. You either eat them again or never again. But if you are going to eat them make sure they are very ripe. In the black/dark purple variety they are indeed black when totally ripe. With the red-fruiting variety you want a deep fire-truck red (with blue tones) not an orange Ferrari red. Some people like the red ones better, others the black. I like both but am trying to grow the latter from seeds. And while they are everywhere locally there was one particularly nice example on the West Orange Bike trail about a quarter mile east of the Killarney Station. It was cut down as was a fruiting persimmon. Eliminating fruiting trees from public land reduces liability, or so the lawyers will tell you. To read more about Surinam Cherries go here. (And I realized only today that I do not have a video on the Surinam Cherry. Will have to take care of that.)
Want to identify a plant? Looking for a foraging reference? Do you have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object you want identified? On the Green Deane Forumwe chat about foraging all year. And its not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations around the world share common weeds so theres a lot to talk about. Theres also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are also articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food. One special section is “From the Frightening Mail Bag” where we learn from people who eat first then ask questions later. You can join the forum by clicking on “forum” in the menu.
AllMy Videos are available for free on You Tube. They do have ads on them so every time you watch a Green Deane video I get a quarter of one cent. Four views, one cent. Not exactly a large money-maker but it helps pays for this newsletter. If you want to see the videos without ads and some in slightly better quality you can order the DVD set. It is nine DVDs with 15 videos on each for a total of 135 videos. Many people want their own copy of the videos or they have a slow service and its easier to order then to watch them on-line. The DVDs make a good gift for that forager you know especially as spring is … springing. Individual DVDs can also be ordered or you can pick and choose. You can order them by clicking on the button on the top right hand side of this page (if your window is open wide enough.) Or you can go here.
Also blossoming nearly everywhere locally are Spiderworts. The species can be found all year which is good because unlike many plants they don’t go rank as the season go on. However, they like this time of year and are in profusion now. Some folks eat them raw — the entire plant above ground is edible — some cook them. My latest adventure with Spiderwort is to pickle them. Fermenting, like wine making, is an art and you learn many things along the way. Among them is that I, as a bachelor, should not make gallons of any ferment. They do store well but will run you out of house and home. For a while I even had a second refrigerator for my ferments (and a separate room for wine.) Now I make ferments them in small batches… call it “artisan.” Above right is a small batch in a peanut butter jar. I cut the stems into four inch lengths, stuff as many as I can into the jar — pack very, very tightly — push the unopened blossom down on top, then add salty water ( a tablespoon of non-table salt per cup.) On top goes a glass plug to keep the vegetable matter below the surface of the water, which is extremely important. (You can use a suitable rock.) Then put the lid on loosely and put in a saucer and let it work. It will give off gas and liquid. But in a couple of weeks you will have some nice, sour, Spiderwort. I did add a good amount of Poor Man’s Pepper Grass for flavoring. I have an article on Spiderwort here. You can see a video on Spiderwort here. (You Tube is becoming a time machine. I made that video ten years ago this month on a $149 Flip camera. I was pushing 60 in that video, now 70.)
Donations to upgrade EatTheWeeds.com have gone well. Thank you to all who have contributed to either via the Go Fund Me link, the PayPal donation link or by writing to Green Deane POB 941793 Maitland FL, 32794.
Most foragers know that Smilax tips are edible. Some consider them the best springtime green of the year. Young roots have been eaten for a long time. The starch in older roots has been used to make a false beer and might have some anti-cancer property. Many foraging books say the berries make a good “gum” substitute. That is nonsense and tells me the writer never tried them. It can take up 18 months for the green berries to ripen to black. They are astringent nearly every day of the way. Even when black and looking like raisins they are marginally edible. I was asked during a recent foraging class if the berries were edible if picked while ripe then dehydrated. I had no answer so I picked some and air dried them until they were shriveled. They were soft like raisons (save for the seeds) and edible, even slightly sweet. Still not like gum. Now when I find plump black Smilax fruit I take them home for dehyrdating. Incidentally, another fruit species that improves greatly by dehydrating is Dove Plum. You can read about it here.
Marlberries and I don’t meet too often, about once or twice a year and then usually while I am conducting a class so I don’t have the time to get acquainted better. It’s just not an edible I have “inside” my head yet. There is also a certain lack of motivation because even at its best Marlberry is not a great trailside nibble. A complicating headache is there are several malberries of varying quality. We saw a probable Marlberry this past weekend during a class at George LaStrange Preserve near Ft. Pierce. By the time I saw it second time there (which unlike the first time had red berries turning to black) my memory suggest Marlberry.
Reportedly found mid-Florida and south I have only seen them in coastal areas such as Ft. Pierce and West Palm Beach on the east coast and near Sarasota on the west coast. The season can vary quite a bit between the coasts as well, as much as two months. Around the same time and in the same habitat you can also see Rapaneapunctata, one of those mystery pants one finds in the woods this time of year. It looks like a drab cross between a mangrove and a beautyberry. The fruit grows on the stem. There’s not a whole lot of literature on it so the berries are probably not edible. To read more about the Marlberry and its strange relative go here.
Now is the time for my semi-annual rant about time change. I will freely admit I do not like the time change and that I ignore it. For twelve years I have refused to “spring forward” or in autumn “fall back.” I stay on standard time or what I call solar time. I do not change my clocks, my eating habits, my animals’ eating habits or my bed time. Why? Time change puts me out of sorts for weeks if not months. (I have the same long-term problem with travel. When I lived in Japan it took me nearly two months to get used to the 13-hour difference. When I go to Greece I have to stay for at least four weeks.) For the next several months I just have to remember that when I need to interact with the outside world it thinks it’s an hour ahead of me. Florida voted last year to stay on Daylight Saving Time permanently. It was an action that was not well-thought out. DST is a federal program. Thus you need federal approval to stay on DST permanently. Our dysfunctional Congress has no political reason to approve that. If Florida had voted to stay on standard time no federal approval was or is needed. The seasonal flip-flopping is so irritating I have written two articles about it. One is Daylight Slaving Time and the other is It’s About Time.
Thistle Epistle: Sorting out true thistles for food is on par with identifying true pines and oaks. If it is a Quercus the acorns are edible (after necessary leaching.) The particular species is usually not relevant. If it is a Pinus that pine tree has parts you can eat. Again the particular species is usually not relevant. All Cirsiums — true thistles — are edible though the flavor and texture will vary from species to species. Thus telling true thistles from each other is matter of form than necessity but here is how to tell a couple of common ones apart:
Cirsium nuttallii: Nuttall’s Thistle grows from eight inches to eleven feet tall though half that height is most common. It ranges state-wide but I see it more often in the western side of the state. The small blossoms can be white, pink, purple or violet. It also can have many blossoms at the same time unlike the thistle below. It has one main stem, with many or few branches, ascending. Leaves are narrow to broadly elliptic, deeply lobed. This member of the sunflower family has fleshy, creeping roots which like all true thistles are edible raw or cooked. It likes roadsides ditches, and woodlands, often damp soil.
Cirsium vulgare, the Bull Thistle, looks similar to the Nuttall’s Thistle. They grow to similar heights and have prickly stems. The Bull Thistle also has white to purple to pale lavender upright blossoms but they are spiny and solitary, NOT in clusters. In both species the blossom resembles a shaving brush. Bull Thistle leaves are larger and more spiny than Nuttall’s Thistle and have prickly hairs on the upper surface. To read more about true thistles go here.
Sometime instead finding answers they find you. As you know there are several articles on the EatTheWeeds website that are about edibles covered by the subtitle: And other things, too. That subtitle was intentionally added when the site went up more than a fifteen years ago. There are a lot of things in the world to eat. Before Andrew Zimmern was traipsing around the globe for the Travel Channel eating untraditional food EatTheWeeds was writing about them. As one might expect that has caused a good amount of disagreeing mail. Many people keep as pets creatures that others eat. Thus far, however, no one has complained about Coquina, a coastal clam that’s about the size of your fingernail. The tiny clams make an absolutely delicious green broth that I like to add — I know it’s sacrilege — instant potatoes and butter. One of the down sides is that the clams are so small getting the meat out of the shell is microscopic work. That is so frustrating most of it is tossed away. However in Australia they have devised a commercial way of separating the meat and shell. How that was done was something of a mystery until a post on the Green Deane Forum. The cooked shells are vigorously stired. After that it is a matter of straining the shells from the meat. You can read about Coquina here, and crunchy Mole Crabs, here.
The endings of botanical names in Dead Latin can often give us a clue about the species especially -ifera and -oides (and variations such as -iferum.) Often the botanical name is virtually no help in identifying a plant, such as when the genus and the species honor two different people. A good example is Decaisne
fargesii,Dead Man’s Fingers. It’s named after Joseph Decaisne and Pere Farges. No description there… seems like a lost opportunity to me… Sometimes the species name is misleading as the Longleaf Pine, Pinus palustris, which means a pine that likes to grow in swamps. Unfortunately Pinus palustris only grows on the top of dry sandy hills. That the descriptive name is very wrong is not enough to get it changed. The reason to change a name has to be botanical even if flimsy botanical.
-ifera and -oides however usually are helpful. -ifera means “producing” or “bearing.” Papyrifera means paper bearing, as in Betula papyrifera, the Paper Birch, left. Bulbifera means bulb bearing, such as the Dioscorea bulbifera, the Air Potato. Cerifera means wax bearing like the Southern Wax Myrtle,Myrica cerifera. Myrica cerifera produces a green wax that was traditionally used to make Bayberry Candles.
-oides means “resembling” or ‘looks like.”Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish Moss) means looks like the lichen Usnea. Ranunculoides means looks like ranunculus (Buttercups.) Centruroides means … like sharp (and is also the genus of scorpions in reference to their stingers.) While the -folia can mean leaves it is also used to mean looks like. Aquifolium means holly-like leaves. Tiliifolia — yes four “i’s” — means basswood-like leaves. Sonchifolia means leaves like a sow thistle. So if you have an -ifera in front of you it should be producing something. If you have an -oides it should look like something else you probably already know. -Folia is usually also descriptive.
I’m on the east coast this week, at a productive but civilized college campus in Jacksonville on Saturday and then the uncivilized rough-cut nature of Haulover Canal Sunday (don’t forget the time change. Be there 9 a.m. DST.)
Saturday, March 9th, Florida State College, south campus, 11901 Beach Blvd., Jacksonville, 32246. 9 a.m. to noon. We will meet at building D next to the administration parking lot.
Sunday, March 10th, Haulover Canal, Merritt Island National Refuge, north of the Kennedy Space Center, 9 a.m. to noon or later. Because of its shape this class requires the most walking and climbing, about four miles. We meet at the end of the northwest jetty/dirt road. Take the time change into account that day so you are on time.
Saturday March 16th, Wickham Park: 2500 Parkway Drive, Melbourne, FL 32935-2335. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the dog park inside the park.
Sunday, March 17th, Red Bug Slough Preserve, 5200 Beneva Road, Sarasota, FL, 34233. 9 a.m. to noon.
Saturday, March 23rd, Blanchard Park, 10501 Jay Blanchard Trail, Orlando, FL 32817. Meet near the tennis court near the YMCA building. 9 a.m. to noon.
Sunday, March 24th, Bayshore Live Oak Park, Bayshore Drive. Port Charlotte. 9 a.m. to noon. Meet at the parking lot at the intersection of Bayshore Road and Ganyard Street.
For more information on classes or to sign up go here.
Want to identify a plant? Looking for a foraging reference? Do you have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object you want identified? On the Green Deane Forumwe chat about foraging all year. And its not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations around the world share common weeds so theres a lot to talk about. Theres also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are also articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food. One special section is “From the Frightening Mail Bag” where we learn from people who eat first then ask questions later. You can join the forum by clicking on “forum” in the menu.
AllMy Videos are available for free on You Tube. They do have ads on them so every time you watch a Green Deane video I get a quarter of one cent. Four views, one cent. Not exactly a large money-maker but it helps pays for this newsletter. If you want to see the videos without ads and some in slightly better quality you can order the DVD set. It is nine DVDs with 15 videos on each for a total of 135 videos. Many people want their own copy of the videos or they have a slow service and its easier to order then to watch them on-line. The DVDs make a good gift for that forager you know especially on long, cold winter months. Individual DVDs can also be ordered or you can pick and choose. You can order them by clicking on the button on the top right hand side of this page (if your window is open wide enough.) Or you can go here.
Donations to upgrade EatTheWeeds.com have gone well. Thank you to all who have contributed to either via the Go Fund Me link, the PayPal donation link or by writing to Green Deane POB 941793 Maitland FL, 32794. There are many needs left such as expanding the foraging teacher page and the page on monotypic edibles. I’m still having a hard time finding articles I wrote! There’s always something and such things get more complex and expensive every year. Indeed, the average email cost to send each newsletter is $20.
If you would like to donate to Eat The Weeds pleaseclick here. Or you can use my Go Fund Me link, or by writing to Green Deane POB 941793 Maitland FL, 32794