Search: mugwort

Heavy rains this past week kicked off the mushroom season for the year. Above are chanterelles among the best wild edible mushroom locally. Photo by Green Deane

Joshua Buchanan leading OMG’s first mushroom hunt of the season. Photo by Green Deane

The Orlando Mushroom Group (OMG!) met Sunday for their first fungal foray of the year. Despite heavy early rain and threats of a wet day 16 people braved the damp and ticks to hunt mushrooms near Sanford. Among the mushrooms seen or discusses were chanterelles, oysters, wood ears, puffballs, more iffy were Russulas, Agaricus, Lactarius, Lentinus, medicinal Reishi, and a few toxic Amanitas. There are at least 80 edible species of mushrooms in Florida.  OMG is the only middle-state mushroom group I know of. Another outing at a different location is planned for late June or early July. It will be announced here or you can join the Orlando Mushroom Group page on facebook (along with Florida Mushroom Identification Forum, Edible Mushroom Florida, and the Southeastern US Mushroom Identification Forum. 

Pawpaw in fruit and blossom. Photo by Green Deane

While scouting for mushrooms we also saw promise of a great season with the Vacciniums, aka, blueberries, huckleberries and deerberries. They have been mentioned several times in recent newsletters. There were enough early ripe ones for a nibble. The only real precaution besides species identification is to watch for Black Bears. Every time I have met a Black Bear in Florida woods it’s been near a patch of ripe Vacciniums. It is their grocery store after all. Black Bears are usually shy and run away but beware of mom and cubs. Also fruiting but more difficult to find ripe were Pawpaws. They, too, are a favorite with denizens of the woods. We found some setting fruit but also some just blossoming which suggests perhaps a long season this year. You can read about Pawpaws here.

Classes are held rain or shine.

Our foraging class in Largo also managed to beat out the Saturday rain. True Thistles were easy to find and comprise a stable for local foragers. First-year roots are tasty raw or cooked. One Eastern Red Bud still has some pods on them but a little too old to eat raw. Several Simpson Stoppers were getting ready to fruit and at least two “Eastern Cedars” had “berries.” The problem, of course, is while we call them “Eastern Cedars”  they are really junipers and they don’t have berries but cones. This week I will be making two trips to southeast Florida. I have a Saturday class in Ft. Pierce and a Sunday class in West Palm Beach. Dress for rain! 

Saturday, May 26th, George LeStrange Preserve, 4911 Ralls Road, Fort Pierce, FL, 34981. 9 a.m.

Sunday May 27th, Dreher Park, 1200 Southern Blvd., West Palm Beach, 33405.  9 a.m., meet just north of the science center. 

Saturday, June 2nd, Red Bug Slough Preserve, 5200 Beneva Road, Sarasota, FL, 34233, 9 a.m. 

Sunday June 3rd, Colby-Alderman Park: 1099 Massachusetts Street, Cassadaga. Fla. 9 a.m., meet near the restrooms.

Saturday, June 9th, Blanchard Park, 10501 Jay Blanchard Trail, Orlando, FL 32817. 9 a.m. Meet at the pavilion east of the tennis courts near the YMCA.

Sunday, June 10th, Boulware Springs Park, 3420 SE 15th St.,  Gainesville, FL 32641. Meet at the picnic tables next to the pump house, 9 a.m.

Saturday, June 16th, Florida State College,  south campus, 11901 Beach Blvd.,  Jacksonville, 32246, 9 a.m.

Sunday, June 17th, Wekiva State Park, 1800 Wekiwa Circle, Apopka, Florida 32712. 9 a.m. Meet at the Sand Lake Parking Lot.  This is more wilderness than suburbia so there are more native plants than introduced ones. 

To learn more about the classes go here. 

Pregnancy and wild plants. In his book The Green Pharmacy James Duke, PhD, lists several wild edible plants to be avoided while pregnant. They are: juniper berries, mugwort, , mayapple, and evening primrose. Add to them Southern Wax Myrtle as well. There are also quite a few herbs to avoid as well including barberry root, cascara sagradea, feverfew, pokeroot, rue, senna, southernwood, tansy, thuja, mountain mint and St. Johns Wort. Carrot seed, incidentally, should not be consumed if you want to conceive. It has a chemical that prevents fertilized eggs from implanting.

Green Deane Forum

Want to identify a plant? Looking for a foraging reference? Do you have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object you want identified? On the Green Deane Forum we chat about foraging all year. And it’s not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations around the world share common weeds so there’s a lot to talk about. There’s also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are also articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food. One special section is “From the Frightening Mail Bag” where we learn from people’s mistakes. You can join the forum by clicking on the button in the menu line.

Green Deane DVD Set

All of Green Deane’s videos available for free on You Tube. They do have ads on them so every time you watch a Green Deane video I get a quarter of one cent. Four views, one cent. Not exactly a large money-maker but it helps pays for this newsletter. If you want to see the videos without ads and some in slightly better quality you can order the DVD set. It is nine DVDs with 15 videos on each.  Many people want their own copy of the videos or they have a slow service and its easier to order then to watch them on-line. They make a good gift for that forager you know. Individual DVDs can also be ordered. You can order them by clicking on the button on the top right of this page or you can go here.

Donations to upgrade EatTheWeeds.com and fund a book are going well and past 50%. Thank you to all who have contributed to either via the Go Fund Me link, the PayPal donation link  or by writing to Green Deane POB 941793 Maitland FL, 32794.  The site has been up for a dozen years, has always been free, and went through a couple of difficult upgrades. The most recent upgrades have been paid for, again thank you. Now I’m  trying to include more than a year’s worth of newsletter into a new category function. Again, thank you. 

This is weekly issue 305.  

If you would like to donate to Eat The Weeds please click here.

Chanterelles have folds not gills and they have cross bridges. (Look in the middle of the photo.)

Americans inherited a fear of mushrooms from the English. The English are still fungi-phobes but not Europe. A mushroom the British would call “oily” a Ukrainian would call “buttery.” My goal for several years has been to identify the six to one dozen really easy-to-learn local edible mushrooms. Among the easiest and also the tastiest are chanterelles. They can be found from about June to October, maybe even a bit longer than that, and are easy to find and identify. In fact the hardest thing about chanterelles is cleaning them. Ours tend to grow low, we have sandy soil, and rain splatters the grit and debris and chanterelles have a lot of places to collect grit. They don’t have “gills” per se but wrinkles and those wrinkles collect bits of sand and leaf litter. Brushing  doesn’t work well — washing’s a no-no — so I’m trying out techniques with my air compressor…  

Not only don’t chanterelles have gills but they have cross wrinkles, like little bridges between two shores. That gives one confidence when identifying them. And, the list grows. Recently a new chanterelle was named from Florida. We’ve had one species of pink to red chanterelle, Cantharellus cinnabarinus. I found some under a Hawthorn tree in Ocala, Jervy Gantt Park. But some pink to red ones are also found under Sea Grape trees. They got a new name, Cantharellus coccolobae (named after the Sea Grape genus) and they taste good, too. This morning, in fact, I had an omelet made with freshly picked chanterelles, butter, a little sand for texture and a few bits of oak leaf for mystery.

Dandelions always point away from their center. Photo by Green Deane

In Maine where I grew up the soil was what we called “poor.” That meant it was not only sandy but acidic. Some plants like acidic soil, some do not. Blueberries are an example of a plant that must have acidic soil. And indeed in New England one could find huge fields — literally hundreds of acres — of blueberries. Here in Florida, which is a limestone plate, blueberries are found in pockets of acidic soil such as near Oaks and Pines.

False Dandelions (Pyrrhopappus carolinianus) are also edible.

As has been mentioned before, Dandelions like acidic soil and cooler weather over hot. In northern climes they can grow to two feet tall and have huge blossoms. Collecting Dandelion greens there for supper is easy. We are now in the first week of January and locally Dandelions are doing their best which is rarely more than a few inches high. Instead of finding them everywhere one finds them in pockets of acidic soil. This is also why one foraging book does not fit all. Just in size alone Dandelions from Maine to Florida differ greatly. And the seasons are nearly opposite. To read more about Dandelions, go here.

Persimmons are persisting. Photo by Green Deane

Plants do not have brains and as far as we know they do not think. But they can have a strategy. Mushrooms that are toxic or deadly to humans do not want humans spreading their spores around. They want other creatures to do it. Berries might be a specific color to attract or repel specific creatures for the same reason. Ripe persimmons are sweet. They prefer animals that can taste sugar to spread their seeds around. Felines, which cannot taste sugar, are not preferred. Dog, bears and wolves et cetera are. And the persimmons pucker does not moderate to sweetness until the seeds are ready to germinate. Thus the tree does not want unripe seeds consumed either. This leads to when the tree fruits.

Commercial persimmons are bred to be ripe not astringent and the seeds tiny.

Locally persimmons are ripe about Columbus Day, mid-October. They are plump and ones on the ground are usually sweet. It is now January and I know of a persimmon tree that still has unripe fruit on it. This is not past-season desiccating fruit but still unripe fruit. One has to ask why? Is it a fluke, a genetic mutation of just this tree, or was there environmental reasons earlier in the year that signaled the tree to hold off on ripening? Did a rainy spring tell it to ripen late? (Rainy springs tell oaks to make lots of acorns.) Did daily temperatures affect it? Is this climate change? Hard to tell. All one can do is watch and see what happens during the year and what the tree(s) do next year. But it also shows plants don’t have to go “by the book.” To read more about persimmons go here.

Carpetweed can be found nearly anywhere.

Through hot and cold weather, wet and dry, one weed found in nearly all of the Americas is the low-growing Carpetweed. It’s native to the Tropical Americas but that has not stopped it from spreading far and wide. I know for certain that the cooked leaves are edible, a few raw ones can go in salads. Mollugo comes from the Latin Mollis for soft. Verticillata means arranged in whorls. The plant’s life cycle is synchronized with showers particularly in dry areas. It can germinate, grow and go to seed within a month. More rain gives it more time. The main problem is it’s scraggly and is an addition rather than the main ingredient. Carpetweed does not compete well with taller plants (thus it loves bald patches in lawns.) Medicinally it can increase one’s nitric oxide production. To read more about Carpetweed go here.

Herbal educator Deb Soule

Now’s the time to make sure you have a place at the sixth Florida Herbal Conference in February. Because you are a reader of this newsletter you can get $30 off your registration if you use the registration code GREENDEANE. To read more about the conference and to register go here. This will be my sixth year attending the festival teaching about wild edible plants. There will be many herbal teachers from around the state and nation. Featured keynote speakers are Deb Soule and Guido Mase. The conference’s numerous classes range from Clinical Herbalism to Garden Medicine. Recreational activities at the Lake Wales site include yoga, singing, drumming, and canoeing. Ms. Imani and Beautiful Chorus will provide music. A wide array of artisans and crafters will also have booths at the conference.  Camping is included in registration, and indoor cabin lodging and weekend meal plans are also available.  Proceeds of the conference will benefit United Plant Savers. Again, to read about and register go here. 

Classes are held in sunshine and rain.

Foraging Classes: Except for hurricanes foraging classes usually are held as scheduled. We’re hungry when we are cold and wet so foraging classes are held when it is wet and when it is cold.

Saturday, January 7th, Blanchard Park, 10501 Jay Blanchard Trail, Orlando, FL 32817. 9 a.m. We meet by the tennis courts.

Sunday, January 8th, Bayshore Live Oak Park, 2200 East Lake Road, at Ganyard Road, Port Charlotte. 9 a.m.

Saturday January 14th, Dreher Park, 1200 Southern Blvd., West Palm Beach, 33405. 9 a.m. We meet north of the science center.

Sunday, January 15th, Wickham Park: 2500 Parkway Drive, Melbourne, FL 32935-2335. 9 a.m. We meet at the dog park inside the park.

To learn more about the classes, go here.

The Nine-DVD set includes 135 videos.

All of Green Deane’s videos are available for free on You Tube. They do have ads on them so every time you watch a Green Deane video I get a quarter of one cent. Four views, one cent. Not exactly a large money-maker but it helps pays for the newsletter. If you want to see the videos without ads and some in slightly better quality you can order the DVD set. It is nine DVDs with 15 videos on each. They make a good Christmas gift. Many people want their own copy of the videos or they have a slow service and its easier to order then to watch them on-line. They make a good gift for that forager you know. Individual DVDs can also be ordered. You can order them by clicking on the button on the top right of this page or you can go here. If that link is not working — there have been some site issues — you can use a donation link and email me your order and address.

Do you know this wild edible? You would if you read the Green Green forum.

Want to identify a plant? Looking for a foraging reference? Do you have a UFO, an Unidentified Flowering Object you want identified? On the Green Deane Forum we chat about foraging all year. And it’s not just about warm-weather plants or just North American flora. Many nations around the world share common weeds so there’s a lot to talk about. There’s also more than weeds. The reference section has information for foraging around the world. There are also articles on food preservation, and forgotten skills from making bows to fermenting food. You can join the forum by clicking on the button on the upper right hand side of this page.

There are many reasons to forage. New flavors, textures, unmodified and chemical-free plants  are high on the list. While there is more interest in foraging than there used to be it is not a ground swell. Most of the complaints have been about people who don’t understand mushrooms complaining about mushroom hunters. That said many  officials and environmentalists see foraging as a problem that needs to be controlled. The following article presents a view of what should be done. One of my concerns is that it is written from the native plant point of view barely touching upon non-natives and ornamentals which we also forage. I wonder if legislation would protect native or just outlaw all foraging? What do you think? Is there substance to her argument or is it another Oh My God native plant spasm?

Forage In the Garden, Not in What’s Left of the Wild

by Lisa Novick, Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers & Native Plants. (This article originally appeared on The Huffington Post. Embeded links have been removed. However, you can read the original here. )

Wild foraging is one of the hottest new trends. People are eager to acquaint themselves with the soul of their local terroir. In Southern California, the delicious wild flavors of white sage, acorn, elderberry, walnut, toyon and other California native plants have been “discovered” by foragers and chefs, and people are heading into wild lands to gather these ingredients for cuisine with wildcrafted flavors and aromas. Problem is, our wild lands are already stressed from drought, invasive non-native plants and population pressure from Southern California’s approximately 23 million people. When we forage bark, berries, seeds and leaves from native plants in our wild lands, we decrease the plants’ ability to renew themselves. We also diminish habitat and deprive wildlife of the food needed for survival. Do foragers know that up to 90% of all leaf-eating insect species, such as caterpillars of butterflies, can eat only native plants? Do foragers think of their impact on wildlife when they remove acorns, elderberries and other native plant foods? And Southern California wild lands and wildlife are not alone in their distress.

This is Newsletter 239.

If you would like to donate to Eat The Weeds please click here.

Fruit best eaten when between green and red.

I have good news and bad news: The Strawberry Guava is about to blossom. The bad news is that if you live in some areas of Florida, the Caribbean, or Hawaii — especially Hawaii — that invasive species will be producing more seeds and taking over more land.

It took several seasons of my Strawberry Guava fruiting for me to learn to time it just right. The fruit starts out green, then turns mottled with green and red and finally a dull red. And they go, in taste, from not palatable to sweet/tart then just sweet. Plus the fruit’s skin transforms from tough to hard to very soft. At the latter stage, if one has a bit of imagination they can taste slightly strawberry-esque. Personally I think they taste like Strawberry Guava. Why folks have to name them like some other fruit is beyond me. But that’s not the real issue. The real issue, besides it being an invasive species and naturalized, is worms, larvae really.

When green, the skin is too tough for most flies to lay their eggs through. But when ripening, they are quite soft. If you let your strawberry guava fruit fully ripen before you eat them, you will get a lot of larvae in each fruit. Depending upon your turn of mind, that might be free protein or disgusting. While the seeds are edible, they are quite hard so teeth beware. Also the leaves can be used to make a nice tea.

Pregnancy and wild plants. In his book The Green Pharmacy James Duke, PhD, lists several wild edible plants to be avoided while pregnant. They are: juniper berries, mugwort, , mayapple, and evening primrose. Add to them Southern Wax Myrtle as well. There are also quite a few herbs to avoid as well including barberry root, cascara sagradea, feverfew, pokeroot, rue, senna, southernwood, tansy, thuja, mountain mint and St. Johns Wort. Carrot seed, incidentally, should not be consumed if you want to conceive. It has a chemical that prevents fertilized eggs from implanting.

Recently added article: Dad’s Applewood Pipes, Edible Flowers Part Twenty, Junipers. Updates: Nettles can be used for allergies, Horsemint for memory loss, Dog liver is toxic,

Desmarestia ligulata has hydrochloric acid.

Is all Seaweed edible? No, but most of them are.  Two non-edibles one might encounter in North America are Desmarestia ligulata (pictured left) particularly found on the northwest coast, and Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) found in the Caribbean linked to ciguarera poisoning. D. ligulata accumulates hydrochloric acid, making it non-edible. However, they do use the acid for pickling. As for the alga it is why one is not supposed to eat barracuda any longer than your forearm. They think the fish collects some chemical in the alga making it toxic when an adult. So if in warm seas, avoid blue-green blobs and if in cold water a seaweed burns you, have D. ligulata. There might be some toxic red seaweed in the Southseas as well. But other than those two mentioned the seaweed found around North America should be edible.

Since most seaweed is edible, and nutritious, why isn’t it consumed more often? Taste and texture. I’ve collected sargassum here in Florida and entertained several ways to prepare it. Semi-drying and frying isn’t too bad but… bladderwrack is better, sea lettuce better still. Not surprisingly most land animals including birds don’t like seaweed. However, it does make good mulch and fertilizer. So while one may not use it directly in the diet it can still help sustain you with uses in the garden. Here are some of my articles on seaweed: Bladderwrack, Caulpera,  Codium,   Gracilaria,   Sargassum,  Sea Lettuce, and tape seagrass.

The question was asked nearly a century ago but began in earnest some 40 years later. The United States entered WWI in 1917 and got out in early 1919. That same year lyricists Joe Young and Sam Lewis with song writer Water Donaldson wrote “How Ya Gonna Keep ‘Em Down On The Farm.” It was, as we say today, a smash hit.  If you want to hear a jazzy dixieland version of the same song recorded in 1967 by Benny Goodman click here. The relevant verse is:

How ya gonna keep ’em down on the farm after they’ve seen Paree’? How ya gonna keep ’em away from Broadway, jazzin’ around and paintin’ the town. How ya gonna keep ’em away from harm, that’s a mystery. They’ll never want to see a rake or plow. And who the deuce can parleyvous a cow? How ya gonna keep ’em down on the farm after they’ve seen Paree’?

Some historians argue that WWI and WWII were actually just one war with a 20-year recess. Whether two wars or one, they or it made a huge difference in how Americans lived. Prior to WWI America was a rural country. Most folks lived on farms. After WWII came suburbia, housing developments, and lawns, the largest crop in America today. One might argue that WWI showed Americans there was a life off the farm — as the song suggests — and the boon after WWII showed them how to move off the farm permanently. Interestingly two related issues made their appearance then.

Prior to WWI nearly everyone raised their own food, and nearly everyone foraged for food. But in the boon after WWII people really did move off the farm. When people did move they separated themselves from their food. Foraging died out because the know-how was not passed on and their farming knowledge became a twisted echo of the past. It was difficult for folks to stop growing things after doing it for so long. But, instead of raising food in suburbia they choose to raise lawn grass and ornamentals, most of them toxic.  It was almost a collective cultural statement of arriving by saying “I don’t have to forage or grow food anymore. I’m so modern I can raise non-edible plants.”

Millennia of knowledge on how to forage was allowed to wither and centuries of experience on how to raise food was diverted into raising grass and ornamentals. America became Mom, Dad, two kids, a dog, a station wagon and a lawn. Historically lawns were uncommon. But between the world wars what may have tipped the balance was the invention of the motor-powered lawn mower. It proliferated lawns which until then were cut by hand or by sheep or goats as the White House lawn was kept. It also made a big difference to trees. To listen to an editorial I wrote and read for National Dutch Radio (in English) about lawns and trees click here.

I have several neighbors who would be successful and well-fed farmers if their energies were put into an edible landscape rather than decapitated grass and poisonous flowers. One neighbor of mine has had an insect problem with his lawn for several years. Much time and money has been spent to fight the invertebrate invasion.  It looks like this year he finally won and has to show for it… a patch of grass. And did you know 60% of drinkable water in suburbia goes to watering lawns? Or that millions of gallons of gasoline and oil are spilt every year while maintaining those lawns? Studies show lawn slaves use 10 times more herbicides and fertilizer than vegetable farmers. Facts I point out when I am asked if lawn grass is edible.

As I say in my NDR editorial, lawns are not green. Fortunately zoning regulations — prodded on by shortages of drinking water — are now changing. Local regulations are changing, but only slowly and often after law suits. But who knows, perhaps in the not too distant future if you want a patch of decapitated grass you will have to pay a lawn tax, by the square foot, rounded up, of course.

If you think Home Owner Associations are bad then Code Enforcment Boards aren’t far behind. This one in Tulsa, Okalahoma, does not care for the rule of law. Without legal cause they eliminated an edible landscape. HOA and CEB remind me that some folks have dictator personalities.  To read the story click here.

And if that is not enough, here’s another one mentioned in the Green Deane Forum. In this case a man is being harrassed by city officials who have no legal grounds to do so. Click here and or here.

Classes This Week:

Saturday, June 23rd, Jervey Gantt Recreation Complex, 2390 SE 36th Ave., Ocala, FL, 34471, 9 a.m.

Sunday, June 24th,  Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge, 2045 Mud Lake Road, DeLeon Springs, FL.9 a.m.

To donate to the Green Deane Newsletter click here.

Dan Dowling showed up for Saturday’s Urban Crawl with part of a 10-pound Dioscorea alata he dug up, and just in time. The vines usually die back from Christmas to St. Patricks Day making them sometimes difficult to find.

We might start calling him Yam Man Dan. As you can see above Dan brought a true yam to Saturday’s Urban Crawl for show and tell and sharing. The rest of the 10-pound yam is already recipe-bound as Dan is an avid chef. Finding wild foods he said is part of the fun. Making them into flavorful if not unique meals is the other part. Maybe he’ll put a wild foods cookbook together someday. If you want to know more about the kind of wild yam Dan’s a fan of click here.

Pepper Grass

♣ The problem with Poor Man’s Pepper Grass aka Pepperweed isn’t edibility.  It’s a tasty winter annual locally and is coming up everywhere now. The problem is no two plants are ever at the same growth stage so identification when you’re just learning can be confusing. In northern climes the species quite predictable, a basal rosette of large leaves the first year, smaller leaves and a seed spike the second year. In warmer climates that can get all mixed in together in one year. You just have to learn to recognized it in all of its various growth stages. That said it is a mustard member that is around for several months with uses from a green to horseradish. Because its looks are so variable it can occassionally resemble other local weeds but a quick taste test sorts that out. It has a mild but tangy burn. It’s one of my favorite trailside nibbles. To read more about Poor Man’s Pepper Grass click here.

Janus looks both ways

♣ I have often wondered why the holidays are clustered near the end of the year like bills at the end of the month. Also why the year doesn’t end on the shortest day of of daylight of the year which is usually Dec. 21 (or 22 or 23.) Even the ancients knew which day was the shortest (and the longest.)  Over time one collects holiday memories and I hope you added some this year. At Thanksgiving my mother, who was and is a horrible cook — I learned to cook out of self-defense — made a frozen “pudding” that her mother also made the only difference is that my grandmother had to freeze it in a snowbank.  All of it was collected… walnuts, plums, real marsh mallow and whipped cream. Another seasonal memory is one snowy Christmas Eve I took a large belt of christmas bells we put on the horses and jogged through the dark neighborhood just about the time Santa should be arriving. I still wonder how many kids — no matter how old — heard those bells, even if in their dreams and thought of santa. And at the bottom of this newsletter is a one of my seasonal memories of a different kind.

As for New Year’s Day it has become my day of reflection. January is named for the Roman god Janus, who looks foward and backwards. That sounds far more more poetic than it was. He was the god of gates which open both ways. And since this article is about New Year’s Day you could call it my … gate post… Janus’ name is also where we get the English word “janitor” which really means “doorman.”  Apparenlty Janus was not high in the hierarachy of gods. Regardless, New Year’s Day has become for me a day to take stock of things, a bit of contemplation, looking back, looking forward, a bit of gatekeeping.  This New Year’s I will be thinking about how to better serve my readers and students.

Organic Tobacco

♣ Did you know there is health food store tobacco? One tends to not think of healthy and tobacco in one thought but you can buy organic tobacco. There are, according to those who count such things, 599 additives to smoking tobacco. One argument holds it is the burning additives that causes health issues more than the tobacco itself. In fact burning commercial cigarette tobacco creates some 4,000 chemical compounds. The push behind organic tobacco came from Native American groups who wanted ceremonial tobacco in keeping with their ancestors, read additive free. While on the topic nicotine is a purported “blood thinner” and some say it is not uncommon for an older person who quits smoking to have a clot-related cardiovascular incident a few weeks after quitting. My step-father did that exactly. Three weeks after he stopped smoking he had a heart attack. Coincidence? Interestingly research shows smokers have a significantly reduced risk of developing Alzheimers and Parkinson’s. Smokers might also get less rheumatoid arthritis and colorectal cancer. Oddly research also shows nicotine improves memory and reduces depression. And if I remember correctly people who chew tobacco don’t get cavities and have less peridontal disease et cetera. (No, I don’t smoke, never did.) I am reminded of an old joke. Smoking on average knocks eight years off your life but what’s the big deal? It’s the worst eight years!

♣ Articles added this weed: Carpetweed, Mugwort.

Epiphany Cross Diving

♣ Classes: I would like to thank everyone who turned out for the special class in downtown Winter Park Saturday, my Urban Crawl. It’s kind of like a treasure hunt and there are more edibles than one might suspect down town. It was a great group and we found some interesting plants including Natal Plum, or Carissa macrocarpa. It fruits year around but is a little slow in the winter but we found some fruit anyway. To read more about the Natal Plum click here. We also found a nice stand of clothes-sticking Galium aparine, or Goose Grass. I have one more class scheduled this year, this coming Saturday, New Year’s Eve. The first one next year will be in Tarpon Springs on January 7th, a Saturday after I watch the young fools jump in the cold water for Epiphany on Friday January 6th. It’s the largest epiphany event in the western hemisphere. Last year they actually had one particpant who could not swim… of all the questions one would think the organizers would ask…

Saturday, December 31, Mead Garden: 1500 S. Denning Dr., Winter Park, FL 32789.  9 a.m.

Saturday, January 7th, John Chestnut State Park: 2200 East Lake Road, Palm Harbor, FL 34685. 9 a.m.

♣ Botany Builder #9: There are many different kinds of leaf shapes. Two can be confusing, obovate, and ovate. An obovate leaf is egg-shaped with the fattest part is near the end (away from the leaf stem.) An ovate leav is also egg-shaped with the fattest part near the base (closest to the leaf stem.)  Here a page where you can see different leaf shapes.

Green Deane Canoeing in 1984

♣About a dozen years ago on Christmas Day that I could have died. Unlike last Friday where we saw a record high of 85ºF (29.4 ºC) it was a cold day for Florida, in the lower 40s, sunny, with a strong wind. I took my 18-foot canoe to the Wekiva River and paddled solo up a skinny branch of it called Rock Spring Run.  Sometimes the run is wide and shallow, other times just a few feet wide but deep and swift. About eight miles upsteam I saw an abandoned rental canoe from the (closed) marina I launched from. I decided that on my way back I would fetch the canoe and return it to the marina, good samaratian and all that. When I came back I put the 12-foot canoe in tow on a six foot rope and started downstream. I had gone less than a third of a mile when I came to a tight switchback to my left. No problem. I had several decades of canoing experience behind me. However, when my canoe and the one I was towing were at a 90 degree angle the back canoe caught on a branch and stopped. The tow line tightened and my canoe rolled over as easily as a log in water. My paddles went one way, my glasses another, my floating underwater Hanimex camera was never seen again… probably ended up in Europe. I caught my glasses, swam to get one paddle then in the cold water righted both canoes. My hands were too cold to untie them. I was in a swamp so starting a fire was not possible even if I had the means. I was completely wet and more than seven miles to go. I realized I had to do two things to defeat hypothermia: Paddle like hell, and do it

Rock Spring’s Water Is Gin Clear

naked. And I did. Dry and cold in a strong winter wind is better than wet and cold in a strong winter wind. No one was on the run or at the marina. Frankly I was so cold didn’t care. Seven shivering miles later I got my truck started and baked in the flow of the heater until I was functional. Yes I drove home naked, too. Wet clothes are cold… The moral of the story: The first picture you should always take with your camera is of your name and contact information in case your camera is found floating a few thousand miles away, or sitting abandonded on a park bench.

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Articles

•     Ackee

Delicious and deadly, that’s ackee

• Acorn Grubs: Bait, Trailside Nibble  (2)

  Yes, this is about eating grubs. Deal with it.

  Without the expertise of Charles E. Williams and the Michigan Entomological Society, Department of entomology,…

• Acorns, or Oak Nuts?  (1)

  It seem like a little thing that grew into a big problem, just like the edible I was writing about.

  I had several requests to do something about acorns.…

• Acorns: The Inside Story  (27)

  Acorn: More than a survival food
  The first time you eat an acorn it makes you wonder what the squirrels are going nuts about. As the bitterness twists…

• Agave, Century Plant

  Century Plant: Edible Agave Americana

  If you like tequila, thank a bat. If that’s not possible, thank a humming bird or a moth. Those three pollinate the…

• Alligator a la Carte  (5)
  I caught a small alligator once. I was fishing for bass in a golf course water trap behind an apartment complex in Titusville, Florida (that’s west across…
• Alligator Weed

  Alternanthera philoxeroides: Exotic Munch

  If you have alligators you have alligator weed. That’s a little odd because alligator weed is a native of…

• Alternate Pepper of Brazilian Pest?  Brazilian Pepper is a personal unknown
• Amapola, Sea Hibiscus, Rope Mangrove

  Hibiscus pernambucensis: Walking Lunch

  The Amapola is on the go, but unlike the “walking” mangrove, the Amapola crawls.

  There is something of a…

• Amaranth: Grain, Vegetable, Icon  (3)

  Amaranth, the forgotten food

  A book could be written about amaranth, and probably has, if not several.

  A grain, a green, a cultural icon, a religious…

• Amaranth Identification:

  Sorting out some amaranths

• A Matter of Attitude

  “Yuck.”

  That word has been in my mailbox lately, sprinkled through like spice on an entree. It reminds me of what a great language English is.

  English…

• American Lotus: Worth Getting Wet For  (1)

  More American than apple pie
  Nature fights back.

  Much of Florida is giving way to housing. For several years I passed a large abandoned pasture with a dry…

• American Nightshade: A Much Maligned Edible  (5)

  Solanum americanum: Food or Poison?

  Anyone who’s done some foraging has seen the “Black Nightshade” also called the “Common Nightshade” and (DRUM ROLLLLLLLL…

• Annona Quartet

  The Annonas Four: Sugar, Sour, Custard, Pond
  Many species and a few family of plants sit on the cusp of edible, non-edible, among them the Annonas, tropicals…

• Antikythera Mechanism
  The Antikythera Mechanism is unique, kind of like a monotypic genus plant. In fact, this short article was originally written as the introduction for the…

• A Pitch For Spruce Gum: Real spruce gum is not easy to chew. It is not soft or sweet. Hard and crumbly is more accurate along with pieces of bark and bits of insects.

• Apples, Wild Crabapples

  Malus sieversii, Hard-Core Apples
  Wild Apples are one of the most common over-looked foraging foods. People take one taste, spit it out, and go on their…

• Are Raw Vegetables Healthy for Humans?  (4)

  The quick answer by most would be yes, the presumption being man ate raw vegetables for a long time and is better suited to them, and them to him. But, whether…

• Are You A Cook Or A Baker?

  I am often asked about herbal medicine. My answer to the inquirer is often a question: Are you a cook or a baker? Their answer is instructive.

  While one…

• Armadillo: Possum on the Half Shell  (2)

  Armadillo Cuisine: Cooking a Hoover Hog
  Armadillos are an overlooked food animal, not protected by law, available throughout the year, and good tasting. And…

• Attitude Makes The Difference

  Facts don’t disappear in life, but in the end attitude is their equal. Water hyacinths can demonstrate that.

  If you know much about the state of Florida…

• Australian Pine  (1)

  Casuarina equisetifolia: Dreaded Edible
  It is truly fitting that the Australian Pine ends up on a site dedicated to edible plants because where it has been…

• What do you do when the description of a plant doesn’t fit? The answer depends on how far off the description is: You might have the wrong plant.

  If it is…

• Balloon Vine, Heart Vine, Heart Seed

  Cardiospermum halicacabum: Edible Leaves

  For a tropical plant, the Balloon Vine can take cold weather, growing from west Texas north to Montana, Florida…

• Bamboo Doesn’t Bamboozle You

  Bambusa
  Do not tell me you don’t live near bamboo. I grew up in 50-below zero Maine and we had bamboo in front of the house for decades. In fact, the…

• Bananas: More Than A Yellow Frou Frou Fruit  (5)

  Bananas Trees: Survival Food
  Yes, everyone knows bananas are edible, as are their starchy cousins, the plantains. One doesn’t think of banana or plantain…

• Barnyard Grass  (8)
  The first time I saw Barnyard Grass was decades ago in a real barnyard near a drain spout. I was with forager Dick Deuerling who identified it for me.…

• Basswood Tree, Linden, Lime Tree

  Tilia americana: Forest Fast Food
  My first recollection of basswood was not on the supper table but rather helping my father make pipes.

  First we’d…

• Bauhinia: Pretty Eats

  Bauhinias’ Beauty

  It’s called the Camel Foot Tree, the Cow Foot Tree, the Mountain Ebony Tree, the Orchid Tree, and the Hong Kong Orchid Tree. I ignored it…

• Birches: One could easily write a book about Birches because they are so valuable to foragers.

• Beach Bean, Bay Bean  (2)

  Canavalia maritima, Rosea, Beach Bean
  It’s the tank of beans: Three inches long, an inch wide and very thick. And with good reason, it lives near the…

• Beach Orach, Crested Salt Bush

  Atriplex cristata: Pigweed by the Sea

  Anyone familiar with the Goosefoot family will see the Beach Orach and presume it is probably edible, and it is.

  A…

• Beautyberry: Jelly on a Roll  (23)

  Beautyberry: Callicarpa Americana
  The Beautyberry is squirrel’s version of take out.

  Squirrels will often break off a branch a foot or two long and…

• Beech, American

  Fagus grandifolia: The All-American Beech

  Tree trivia: Beechnut chewing gum had nothing to do with the Beech tree or the seeds it produces. It was, however,…

• Bees In Litigation

  The last time I visited relatives in Greece, September 2006, I had “tea” with one of two then-living first cousins of my grandmother, both in their 90s,…

• Before There Were Baked Beans

  Baked beans is about as traditional a New England meal as one can get… That and boiled dinners. Every Sunday for decades we had boiled dinner. Potatoes,…

• Begonia Bonanza

  Waxing about Edible Begonias
  It was on Rock Springs Run, some 20 years ago here in Florida, when I first saw them, just above the variable water line. I…

• Betony: Rich Root, Poor Root  (5)

  Stachys Floridana, Culinary Pretender
  I have read from a good source that all Stachys are edible. I politely doubt that for three reasons. First there are 300…

• Big Caltrop: If you’re an adult with aging eyesight Kallstroemia maxima when first spied can look like purslane. A closer examination shows it is not.
• Binomial Nomenclature

  Most of us go by two names. So do plants. That’s Binomial Nomenclature. That is both good and bad. It’s good in that two people on different sides of the…

• Birches: One could easily write a book about Birches because they are so valuable to foragers.

• Bird Peppers

  Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum: Hot Eats

  Did y0u know hot peppers grow in the wild? From Central American north to Arizona east to Florida then up the…

•  Bitter Melon (6)

  Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourd, Balsam Pear: Momordica Charantia
  If the Balsam Pear did not exist a pharmaceutical company would invent it. In fact, there…

• Bitter Lettuce

  Launea intybacea: Edible Bitter Lettuce

  The plant came first, and it’s anybody’s guess to what its scientific name is.

  Every botanical wonderkin thinks…

• Bittercress and Kissing Crucifer Cousins

  Cardamine pensylvanica: Petite Pot Herb
  The first time I saw Bittercress I knew it had to be an edible. I just didn’t know which one.

  How did I know? Plants…

• Black Calabash: It started with spotting a blossom while teaching a foraging class. 
• Black Cherry: Chokecherry’s Better Cousin  (3)

  Prunus serotina: Better Late than Never Cherry

  Think of the Black Cherry as a chokecherry with some of the choke removed.

  Not a 100 feet from the…

• Black Ironwood, Leadwood
  Krugiodendron ferreum: Ironwood M&MsGreen twigs of Black Ironwood will sink in salt water. It’s that dense.The Black Ironwood was…

• Black Medic  (2)

  Medicago Lupulina: Grain and Potherb
  I debated a long time whether to include Black Medic as an edible. There are several plants in that category and over…

• Black Walnuts and Butternut

  Juglans nigra and butternut, too!

  I didn’t see my first Black Walnut tree until about 16 years ago. It so happened that the two places I lived the longest,…

• Blackberries, A Forager’s Companion  (1)

  Blackberries: Robust Rubus, Food & Weed
  Anyone who forages will eventually collect a few blackberries, and thorns. Blackberries are among the best known…

• Bladderwrack

  Fucus vesiculosus: Edible Bladderwrack
  Bladderwrack can wrack your brain.

  Why? Because in some places it has bladders and is textbook perfect. And in others…

• Blolly, Beeftree

  Guapira discolor: A Blolly by Golly
  The Blolly confounded me when I first saw the tree for it was growing by itself in a park. The fruit is quite distinct, a…

• Blue Porterweed, Bottom Up!

  Stachytarpheta jamaicensis: Near Beer
  Should the civilized world come to an end and you have a hankering for a stout beer you’re in luck: You can make one…

• Blueberries, or Huckleberry’s Kin

  Vacciniums: Am I Blue?

  Blueberrying was a family tradition. The only debate was did you pick them clean, or did you pick leaves, bugs and all then clean…

• Botanical Bachelor

  As a seasoned life-long bachelor I had my pickup line all crafted and rehearsed, so I could say it naturally at the right moment when my Dream Lady came near.…

• Bottlebrush Tree:
• Bougainvilleas:     Bougainvilleas are often referred to as a toxic plant. 

I’m often asked during my classes why I mention many plants that can be used to make tea. There are two answers:

• Brookweed: Brookweed is an edible plant few know a lot about these days. Even Professor Daniel Austin, who managed to write 909 pages about ethnobotany, could only scrape up one paragraph.

• Brown Anoles  (3)

  “Did you clean them” I asked a friend who might want to remain anonymous.

  “No” he said.

  “You cooked them whole?”

  “Yes.”

  “You ate them head, tail and…

• Browne’s Savory: Clinopodium Browneii

  The Mighty Minty Micromeria Browneii

  Sometimes in central Florida you will drive past a car accident on the interstate, or another road, and smell…

• Budget Cut Benefits

  Two effects of the economic times are influencing foraging. First is an increase in the number of people who are putting food on the table by foraging. The…

• Bug-a-Boo’s or Grubs Up  (5)
  On this site are several articles about edible insects (among other creatures.) Below is an expanding collection of more than 50 edible insects. I plan to…

• Bulrush Bonanza  (3)

  Cattail’s Maligned Companion: The bulrush has a public relations problem. It found in the same environment as the cattail, can be used the same way, and tastes…

• Bunchberry Brunch

  Munching Cornus canadensis/unalaschkensis
  Discussing things little ears shouldn’t hear, they barely interrupt their conversations to pick a low Bunchberry from…

• Bunya Pine: The Australian Aboriginals knew a good thing when they tasted it. So did the immigrants. It’s hard to find anyone who doesn’t like the taste of Bunya Pine nuts. But you will find people who don’t like to clean up after it because the ancient species sheds sharp leaves and heavy cones.
• Burdock Banquet

  Arctium minus: Burdock’s Plus Side
  I have a confession to make: When I was a kid I had a miniature corn cob pipe. And in it I smoked dried burdock leaf… I…

• Buttercups:  Buttercups are usually considered not edible.

• Cabbage Palm, Sabal Palmetto  (4)

  Heart of Palm and Controversy
  The state tree of Florida isn’t a tree, but it is a weed of many edible parts.

  The Sabal palmetto, actually an overgrown…

• Cactus: Don’t Be Spineless  (3)

  Nopalea Cochenillifera: Cactus Cuisine
  Be brave when you collect cactus.

  Of course, good gloves and tongs help. With those tools you can have a very…

• Caesar Weed Sampler  (5)

  Urena Lobata: Cash crop to noxious weed
  Once it was an invited money-maker, now it is a hunted money spender: Caesar weed, cash crop to noxious weed.

  We have…

• Camphor Tree: Cinnamon’s Smelly Cousin

  Campy Camphor: Not Just For Grandma

  One would never guess Camphor trees are not native to Florida, or the South. One also probably wouldn’t guess they…

• Candlestick Tree: If you are meandering through a botanical garden in a warm climate and you see a tree growing four-foot-long candles it might be Parmentiera cereifera.
• Candyroot
  I will be the first to admit my experience with Candyroot is very limited. In a flower book I carried with me on field trips some 20 years ago with Florida…

• Canna Confusion  (1)
  How many species of Canna are there? Used to be perhaps 100 but now there are 20 or so, plus one Scottish island with a …ah.. population problem. And…

• Cannibalism
  There is no way to approach the topic of cannibalism without offending someone. Apologies offered. Cannibalism, the last great social taboo, is committed…

• Canoeing Rock Spring’s Run & The Wekiva
  Canoes are the best way for you to sneak up on deer, unless of course you’re the kind of canoeist who uses the paddle and canoe like a drum set.On a…

• Can We Eat Grass?  That simple question has a complex answer: Yes, no, and maybe.  It’s a topic I explored in a recent Green Deane Newsletter and the basis for this article.

• Carolina Bristle Mallow  (1)

  Modiola caroliniana: A Bristly Drink
  No one knows how many species of edible plants there are in the world, or in North America. In the former the guess is…

• Carpetweed  (3)
  When it comes to Carpetweed you need to know only two things: It grows nearly everywhere, or will. And the plant above ground is edible. To quote Cornucopia…

• Cassia Clan aka Senna

  Cassia occidentalis: Faux Coffee & Greens
  You either cook the Cassia Clan right or they make you sick. Any questions?

  Now that I have your attention,…

• Cast Iron Cookery, Buying and Restoring  (3)

  Cast Iron Pans: Yesterday is tomorrow
  Many books have been written about cast iron cookware. I will try to say a few things here perhaps not said elsewhere.

  B…

• Cast Net Junkie

  I will admit to being a cast net junkie.

  Some people collect coins or stamps. I collect cast nets. I started throwing nets some 30 years ago and have been…

• Cast Nets: Throwing Your Weights Around

  Throwing Your Trouble Away
  I love cast netting. I own five of them and rarely come home empty handed. I also never throw for bait: I go for the…

• Cattails – A Survival Dinner  (3)

  Cattails: Swamp Supermarket
  The United States almost won WWII with cattails.

  No green plant produces more edible starch per acre than the Cat O’ Nine…

• Caulerpa

  Caulerpa: Warm-Water Salad and Pest
  Caulerpa ssp.would seem to be a paradox. Eaten around the world by thousands for thousands of years but called a killer…

• Cereus Today Not Tomorrow

  Getting Down To Cereus Business

  There are three things irritating about Cereus other than their spines: 1) several botanical names for the same plant; 2)…

• Ceriman, Delicious Monster

  Monstera deliciosa: Hmm Hmm Good!
  Large Delight. That’s what Monstera deliciosa means…. It was an edible I did not know about until pointed out to me by my…

• Chain of Contamination

  In police work there is the chain of possession. When evidence is collected, who has it, and where it’s kept is recorded constantly. With food we might call it…

• Chaya: The Spinach Tree  (7)

  Cnidoscolus aconitifolius: Tree Pot Herb
  I knew about Chaya long before I ever saw one.

  It’s in the Cnidoscolus genus and has two relatives in the…

• Che: Che is not the tree it used to be.

• Checkerberry cum Wintergreen

  The Teaberry Shuffle
  I saw Gary Vickerson eat an earthworm I found near a checkerberry plant. Personally I preferred the Checkerberry.

  Before I go any…

• Chestnuts: Chestnuts have done more than just disappear from the landscape: They have dropped out of our lives save for a token appearance at Christmas.

• Chewstick, White Root

  Gouania lupuloides: How to Get Chewed Out

  The modern toothbrush was unknown in Europe until 1498, the year it came from China. Before that people…

• Chickasaw Plum: Yum  (5)

  Chickasaw Plum: First Springtime Blossom

  Every spring, three wild plums put on a show locally: The Chickasaw, the Flatwood, and the American. They…

• Chickweed Chic  (11)

  Chickweed Connoisseurs
  My being green really paid off this spring: For the first time (2009) I have chickweed in my lawn. I don’t know how it got there but it…

• Chicory History

  Cichorium intybus: Burned to a Crisp
  Chicory was not a common plant where I grew up or where I live. But I remember the first time I saw it, in 1990, in a…

• Chinese Box-Orange, Tsau Ping Lak

  Atalantia buxifolia: Wine-Cake Thorn
  The Chinese Box-Orange is one of my botanical mysteries. I know it is edible but I don’t know how… But I may still…

• Chinese Elm Take out

  Chinese Elm: A tree that doesn’t go Dutch
  Sometimes a wild edible can be under your feet and you never notice, or in this case, over your head.

  Anyone with…

• Chinese Tallow Tree  (1)

  Popcorn Tree, Florida Aspen, Tallow Tree

  There is a lot of debate whether the white waxy aril of the Chinese Tallow Tree is edible or not…

• Chocolate Vine, Abeki: Any plant with “chocolate” in the name is sure to get attention. And when it’s also called an invasive species then even more so.

• Christmas & Maiden berries

  Crossopetalums: Edible Berries & Medicine

  When I was an undergrad in music it was a revelation to learn that by studying music you also studied history:…

• Christmasberry, Wolfberry, Goji  (1)

  Christmas, Wolf, Goji, They’re All Berries
  It’s called the Christmasberry even though it fruits in April, and while it is one of several “Christmas Berries”…

• Chufa For Two  (1)

  Cyperus esculentus, C. rotundus: Serious Sedges
  There are two edible Cyperus locally: One that tastes like hazelnuts and one that smells and tastes to me…

• Cider Barrel Rules  (2)
  My mother was a horrible cook.I used to joke she thought I was a Greek god: Every meal was either a burnt offering or a sacrifice.I learned to cook…

• Cider Hard, But Quick and Easy  (22)

  How To Make Hard Cider
  You can make hard apple cider the difficult way, or the quick and easy way. I prefer the easy quick way. I’ve made a lot of beer and…

• Citron Melon, Tsamma  (6)

  Citron Melons: Abandoned Preserves
  Are they edible?

  Even people who do not forage want to know if the little watermelons they see in citrus groves are…

• Civilized Food

  While making my purslane video I was thinking back to a family friend who refused to eat purslane because it was a “weed.”

  It had taken over about one third…

• Climbing Fig, Creeping Fig  (3)
  If there is one thing about the Internet that irritates the sap out of me it is how mistakes proliferate rather than get corrected. I have ranted about…

• Clover, Available Around The World  (7)

  Clover, Available Around The World
  Hay may be for horses, but clover is for people…well…. almost.

  I was forever nibbling on clover blossoms when I…

• Coco-Plums

  Chrysobalanus icaco: Multi-Colored Fruit
  Coco-plums are three quarters patriotic: They can be red, white, or blue ( and yellow.)

  Actually, the “blue” is deep…

• Coconuts: It’s A Matter of Degrees

  Coconut, An Equatorial Palm
  Popular media and commercial production have made the coconut a common cultural item, even if you live thousands of miles away…

• Codium Compendium

  Codiums: Edible around the world
  Oceanographers like to call Codium a minor seaweed because it is not commercially exploitable. Yet where it is found around…

• Common Reed  (1)
  Some 20 years ago I pondered upon the identity of what appeared to be a very tall grass in a former marlpit in Port Orange, a few miles south of Daytona…

• • Cooking Like A Caveman

    The Mesolithic Era is not a sexy topic that will win friends and influence people at parties. But, it is something foragers should think about. If you are a…

  • Cooking without Pots or Pans  (2)

    Mesolithic Cooking: It’s the Pitshttps://www.eattheweeds.com
    How do you cook without pots or pans?

    It’s a question our distant ancestors never asked because pots and pans didn’t…

www.eattheweeds.com

• Coontie Courage

  Zamia Floridana: Making Toxins Edible
  This plant is included here in case 1) society falls apart; 2) You live in Georgia or Florida and need starch…

• Coquina: Tasty Tiny Clam
  Coquina: Donax: Good Eats
  Ounce for ounce there is probably no more delicious seafood than Coquina. The problem is getting an ounce of it, so we usually…

• Coral Bean: Humming Bird Fast Food
  Erythrina herbacea: Part Edible, Part NotThe (eastern) Coral Bean is one of those damned if you do, and damned if you don’t kind of things. Parts of…

• Coral Vine

  Antigonon leptopus: Creeping Cuisine
  The Antigonon leptopus ( an-TIG-oh-non LEP-toh-puss) inspires local names everywhere it grows: Tallahassee Vine, Honolulu…

• Corn Poppy
  Several plants have relatives whose reputations are difficult to live down. The Natal Plum is one. Related to the oleander the delicious plum suffers from…

• Corn Smut:   Mexican Truffles. Corn Smut. Raven Scat.  Ustilago maydis gets more unappetizing the further one goes down its list of names. The Aztecs called it huitlacoche.  The Mexicans call it a delicacy.

•  Crabgrass Was King  (3)

  Forage, Grain, Flour, Manna, Pest
  Americans did two interesting things when they moved from the farm to suburbia: They surrounded their homes with toxic…

• Cranberries, Lingonberries

  Get Your Annual Vaccinium Every Year
  Frozen cranberries are just as sour as fresh ones.

  I know that because when I was a kid skating on frozen ponds in Maine…

• Creeping Cucumber: Melothria Pendula  (2)

  Cute Cuke! Melothria Pendula

  The Melothria pendula is a little cucumber with a big reputation.

  That said, when it comes to the “creeping cucumber”…

• Crowfoot Grass, True Grits

  Dactyloctenium aegyptium: Staple Grain
  Grasses can be a pain in the …ah… grass…

  First, books about grasses are few and incredibly expensive. Next,…

• Dad’s Applewood Pipes  (3)
  Time edits your memories. It sands off the rough edges that were once painfully sharp. It makes some moments clearer by evaporating the fog of being…

• Dahlia Pinnata
  Here’s the good news: At least one species of Dalhia has edible roots. Here’s the bad news, there are some 20,000 cultivars, maybe even thousands more. A…

• Dandelions: Hear Them Roar  (3)
  Dandelion Wine and Coffee and SaladDandelions and I go back a long ways, more than half a century.When I was very young in Maine my mother…

• Dayflowers, Often One Petal Shy  (4)

  Commelina diffusa: What a day for a dayflower
  Common names can be a headache when one is trying to index a plant. The plant to the lower right is commonly…

• Daylily Dilemma  (3)

  Daylily: Just Cloning Around
  The daylily, a standard plant in foraging for a century or more, has become too much of a good thing and now presents a significan…

• Dead Man’s Fingers
  Decaisnea fargesii: True Ghoul Blue
  There are three Dead Man’s Fingers: A seaweed, a mushroom, and a shrub, all so-called because of the way they…

• Does Anyone Know What Time It Is?  (2)
  It is time for my semi-annual rant and wish that G.V. Hudson had a different hobby. Hudson, a New Zealander, collected insects and was a shift worker. In…

• Does The Nose Know?

  What Does a Word Smell Like?

  During nearly every class I have students smell three or four plants — depending upon the season — and I ask them what common…

• Dog and Cat  (1)
  Most Westerners would starve than eat their pet, and understandably so. There is a tacit agreement between pets and their owners. In exchange for putting…

• Doveweed

  Murdannia nudiflora: Tiny Dayflower Kin
  In India the Doveweed is a famine food. That should give you some idea of how it lines up in the culinary kingdom. The…

• Drymaria Cordata, Tropical Chickweed  (3)

  Drymaria cordata: Kissing cousin chickweed
  Drymaria cordata is one of those plants that confounds the mind. You know what it resembles: Chickweed. It has one…

• Duckweed

A Weed Most Fowl. Do ducks eat duckweed? Yes and no. Do humans eat duckweed? Yes and no. Domestic ducks tend to eat duckweed, wild ones don’t.…

• Dulse for Dinner

Foragers tend to ignore seaweed.

• Ear Tree, Sound Food

  Lend Me An Ear Tree

  Just about anyone who has spent anytime in a warm climate will some day find on a sidewalk a black seed pod that looks like a human…

• Earthworms  (7)

  Cooking with Earthworms
  The cartoon strip BC once had its peg-leg poet write: “The bravest man I ever saw was the first one to eat an oyster raw.”

• Eastern Gamma Grass:   Someone who supposedly knew their grasses wrote there are no toxic native North American grasses.

• Eastern Red Bud: Pea Pods Tree  (5)
  Cercis canadensis: In The Bud of TimeIt’s one of those trees that if you don’t see it at the right time you’re not looking for it the rest of the year.…

• Eating In Season  (1)
  There is little doubt that eating certain fiddlehead greens can significantly increase ones chances of cancer. In fact, science says they cause cancer. On…

• Edible Cultivated Flowers: All 20 articles in one article

• Edible Flowers: Part One  (1)Nasturtium, Calendula, Spanish Needles, Arugula, Squash, Cilanto, Bee Balm, Carnation, Dandelion, Lilac
  Which blossom will be your favorite edible…

• Edible Flowers: Part Two  (9)Tulips, Yucca, Begonias, Blue Porterweed, Queen Ann’s Lace, Dill, Gladiolas, Wapato, Impatiens, CitrusTulips are one of those wonderful flowers you…

• Edible Flowers: Part Three  (2)Mayflower, Chrysanthemum, Cornflower, Rose, Daylily, Elderberry, Chicory, Johnny-Jump-Ups, Linden, BananaA rite of spring in the frozen north, or at…

• Edible Flowers: Part Four

Spiderwort, Marigolds, Rosemary, Smartweed, Pineapple Weed, Chamomile, False Roselle, Lavender, Forsythia, Borage

• Edible Flowers: Part Five

Apple, Fuchsia, Sweet Goldenrod, Basil, Gorse, Bauhinia, Eastern Redbud, Angelica, Honeysuckle, Eastern Coral Bean
Apple Blossom
Every seed in every apple…

• Edible Flowers: Part Six  (1)Burnet, Magnolia, Fennel, Garden Sorrel, Tansy, Pink Wood Sorrel, Sunflower, Pineapple Guava, Prickly Pear, PansiesBurnet (Sanguisorba minor) is…

• Edible Flowers: Part Seven  (1)Scarlet Runner Bean, Peony, Hyacinth Bean, Clover, Jasmine, Chervil, Water Hyacinth, Plantain Lily, Meadowsweet, Perennial PhloxScarlet Runner Bean is…

• Edible Flowers: Part Eight

  Society Garlic, Anise Hyssop, Black Locust, Gardenia, Fragrant Water Lily, Strawberry, Marsh Mallow, Maypops, Milkweed, Hollyhocks

  It’s clearly not…

• Edible Flowers: Part Nine  (1)Mahoe, Moringa, Pineapple Sage, Plum, Hawthorn, Cattail, Papaya, Purslane, Tuberose, Wisteria
  Mahoe’s Blossoms Change Color
  One of the more fascinating…

• Edible Flowers: Part Ten

Alliums, Oregano, Pinks, Peas, Okra, Galium, Ginger, Scented Geraniums, Primrose, Mustard/RadishThe author of “Florida’s Incredible Wild Edibles” Dick…

• Edible Flowers: Part Eleven

Coral Vine, Citron Melon, Milkweed Vine, Dayflower, Evening Primrose, Kudzu, Stock, Dame’s Rocket, Freesia, Dendrobium phalaenopsisThe Coral Vine has…

• Edible Flowers: Part Twelve  (2)Forget-Me-Nots, Calamint, Mimosa Silk Tree, Clary Sage, Petunia x hybrid, Balloon Flower, Yarrow, Corn Poppy, Daisy, Sweet AlyssumThe story I heard…

• Edible Flowers: Part Thirteen  (1)Sesbania Grandifolia, Lemon Verbena, Szechaun Buttons, Horseradish, Tea Olive, Tiger Lily, Currants, Honewort, Thyme, Indian Paint BrushSesbania…

• Edible Flowers: Part Fourteen  (2)
  Manzanita, Rose of Sharon, Tea, Campanula, Artichoke, Saffron, Samphire, Sage, Parsley, Common MallowWestern states often seem to get short-changed in…

• Edible Flowers: Part Fifteen

Mango, Catnip, Pignut, Lovage, Salsify, Hairy Cowpea, Fritillary, Mint, Cow Slip, BirchDid you know mangoes and poison ivy are botanical kissing…

• Edible Flowers: Part Sixteen

Oregon Holly Grape, Snapdragon, Caesar’s Weed, Golden Alexanders, Loroco, Safflower, White Sagebrush, Puget Balsam Root, Yellow Commelina, Bitter Gourd

• Edible Flowers: Part Seventeen

Black Salsify, Coltsfoot, Yellow Pond Lily, Mexican Hyssop, Carambola, Baobob, Kapok, Durian, Italian Bugloss, BlueweedEdible plants collect a lot of…

• Edible Flowers: Part Eighteen  (7)

  Spring Beauty, Chickweed, Alpine Cress, High Bush Cranberry, Columbine, Hyssop, Musk Hyacinth, White Trout Lily, Yellow Adder’s Tongue, Aloe

  The Spring…

• Edible Flowers: Part Nineteen  (2)

  Tulip Tree, Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, King’s Spear, Gunnison Mariposa, Sego Lily, Star of Bethleham, Forest Lily, Guinea Arrowroot, Neem Tree

  The blossom…

• Edible Flowers: Part Twenty

Chinese Perfume Plant, Queensland Silver Wattle, Cloves, Chinese Lotus, Blue Lotus, Screwpine, Turpentine Tree, Sweet Autum Clematis, St. Anthony’s Turnip, Quince

• Edible Wild Flowers:

All 20 articles in one article

• Eels
  Eels: Lunch, Slip Sliding Away…
  I can remember the first time I caught an eel. It was in the Royal River in Pownal Maine, using an earthworm on the…

• Eggs

Eggs for Survival and Food
Eggs would seem like a simple foraging topic and it is, and it is not. My copy of the U.S Department of the Army…

• Elaeagnus Et Cetera

  Edible Elaeagnus
  First it was “poisonous.” Then it was “not edible.” Later it was edible but “not worth eating.” Actually, it’s not toxic but tasty, and easy…

• Elderberries: Red, White and Blue  (10)

  Sambuca’s Fine For Elderberry Wine
  Start your New Year off right with a glass of elderberry wine or elderberry blossom champagne. Don’t have any?…

• Epazote: Smelly Food of the Gods
  Mexican Tea, Dewormer: EpazoteHere is my dedication to being comprehensive: I am going to write about a plant I do not like.Why don’t I like…

• Eryngo, Tough Sweetie

  Eryngiums: Elizabethan Eryngo Candy

  While the edible versions are not widely distributed in North America, Eryngo (ERR-in-go) was too pretty a name to be…

• Evening Primrose  (5)

  Oenothera biennis: Foraging Standby

  The Common Evening Primrose has long been a foraging standby and for a century or so was a common vegetable found in…

• Experience and Judgment

  Sometimes a toxic plant can give even an experienced forager reason to pause.

  When I was making a video last week I saw a beautiful growth of watercress,…

• False Dandelions For Lunch  (2)

  Pyrrhopappus, Hypochoeris: Dandelion Impostors
  Most people don’t notice False Dandelions because they have the real thing. But here in the South where…

• False Hawksbeard

  Crepis Japonica: Seasonal Potherb
  If the Crepis fits….wear….ah…eat it

  Crepis japonica gets no respect. You won’t find it in field guides on edible…

• False Roselle  (1)I can’t do a stir-fry without visiting a tree. Actually, the False Roselle is a shrub not a tree but the point is made. Its leaves have just the…

• Fiddlehead Ferns, Signs of Spring

  Fiddlehead Fanatics
  If poke weed tests your foraging bravery, fiddleheads test your foraging philosophy.

  Pokeweed can kill you within hours if you make a…

• Fiddlewood  (1)

  Citharexylum fruticosum: Edible Guitar
  The Fiddlewood tree is not high on the list of edibles. As some authors state, only kids eat the fruit, lots of seed,…

• Field Testing Plants for Edibility  (7)

  I am dead set against it because it can kill you. I will make a large argument against it, and a small argument for it.

  “Field testing” is running through a…

• Figs, Strangler, Banyan and Strangler  (4)

  Wild Ficus: Who Gives An Edible Fig?
  It’s only 90 miles to the east, and 117 to the west, but the Strangler Fig and Banyan trees will grow farther south and…

• Finding Caloric Staples  (8)
  An Australian study tells us that modern day hunter gatherers get  two thirds of their food from animals, one third form plants.

• Firebush:
  The Firebush is probably one of the most commonly planted unknown edibles. They are usually arranged in the landscape…

• Fireweed Sale  (1)

  Erechtites hieraciifolia: Edible Pile Driver

  When I go to Greece I always stay a few days in Athens to get used to the time change and visit in-town…

• Fish Sauce and Rotten MeatFish Sauce, Rotten Meat, and Other Garbage
  There was a great scene from an episode of Barney Miller, a popular sitcom in the 70’s based in a…

• Fishtail Palms  (3)

  Caryota: Fishy Toxic Palms

  Often the botanical name of a species tells you nothing about the plant. Magnolia comes to mind. It’s a person’s name. However…

• Five Mile Walk

  Can you live off the land? Can anyone these days? I suppose the answer depends on what land, what you know, and whose else is also trying to live off it.

  Whe…

• Flamboyant FuchsiaMention “fuchsia” and most folks who recognize the word will think of a bright color. Personally I think of Fuchsia’s edible fruit and flowers.…

• Flowering Rush

  In one area of its native range — Israel — it’s endangered becauses of dwindling habitat. In another part of the world it is an invasive weed, and you can…

• Foraging After Dark

  I took a residential walk this evening to identify trees after dark. Yes, after dark. Now why do a silly thing like that?

  I know someone who has his foraging…

• Foraging Before There Was Botany

  Foraging before there was botany had to be a lot easier than after botany. Someone showed you what was edible and that was that. Of course somewhere back along…

• Foraging for Beginners

  I was asked to write a short piece for a survivalist blog on getting started in foraging:
  How are a Musician and a Botanist Alike?
  As a professional musician I…

• Foraging in Florida  (1)

  Of all the “survival” skills foraging is probably the most difficult to learn, or certainly the one that takes the most time and personal fortitude. It is one…

• Foraging Myth Busting  (3)

  As many of you already know I am highly critical of the Internet as a source of information on foraging. This is not to say there isn’t quality information…

• Forsythia Foraging For Forsythia
  If you study the eating habits of North American Indians you learn one thing quite quickly. They weren’t mono-green eaters.…

• Garlic Mustard: Gather Garlic Mustard now for pesto or it may disappear presto… well… maybe not immediately but if one university succeeds Garlic Mustard will become hard to find or extinct in North America.

• Galinsoga’s Gallant Soldiers
  Galinsoga ciliata: Quickweed is fast foodQuickweed does not look edible or gallant. In fact, it looks like a daisy that lost a fight. But it, and a…

• Gar: Treasured Trash Fish  (1)

  Eating Gar, a Taste of the Primitive
  There are two things you need to know about the Gar. The first is that it is very edible, really. The second is that…

• Geiger Tree, Scarlet Cordia
  Cordia sebestena: Foraging Geiger Counter
  Foragers eat the mild fruit of the Geiger Tree and care not about the particulars. Botanists care about particular…

• Getting To The Leaf Of The Problem

  Why sudy with someone? Because student foragers see what they want to see rather than what’s in front of them. Let me give you consistent example.

  There are…

• Giant Taro
  One can ignore large leaves for only so long, and the Alocasia macrorrhiza has big leaves, up to four feet long. As one might suspect, it also has a large…

• Ginkgo: Putrid Perfection

  Going Nuts Over Ginkgo Biloba Nuts

  Though the Army sent me to Japan I didn’t see my first Ginkgo biloba (GINK-go bye-LOW-buh) tree until I attended the…

• Glasswort Galore  (3)

  Salicornia bigelovii, Brackish Nibble
  Glasswort does not sound like breaking glass at all, though it does crunch a bit.

  Salicornia bigelovii (sa-li-KOR-nee-a…

• Golden Dead Nettle  (1)
  Lamiastrum is in the eye of the beholder.If you want a ground cover that will grow in dry, shady places, Lamiastrum is exactly what you’re looking for.…

• Golden Rain Tree

  Showers of Golden Rain Tree

  The scallions didn’t have a chance.

  My Taiwanese friend liked to grow scallions in a postage stamp garden in her back…

• Goldenrod Glorified  (1)

  Solidago Odora: Liberty Tea

  After the Boston Tea Party of 1773 the colonists had only one good alternative: Goldenrod tea, and not just any Goldenrod,…

• Gooseberries

A century can make a lot of difference.

•       Goosegrass, Cleavers, Bedstraw  (1)

Galium aparine: Goosegrass on the Loose

You don’t find Goosegrass. It finds you.

Covered with a multitude of small hooks, Goosegrass, Galium…

• Gopher Apples: Not Just For Tortoises Anymore
  If you like the taste of pink bubble gum, you’ll like gopher apples, if you can find themWhy can’t you find them? Because nearly every woodland…

• Gorse, of Course

  Ulex europaeus: Edible Gorse or Furze Pas
  Gorse has edible flowers. It also has thorns… Really bad thorns.

  In August 2005 an Englishman, Dean Bowen,…

• Gout Weed  (6)
  Gout Weed does not sound too appetizing. Nor do some of its other names: Ground Ash, Ashweed, Pot Ash, White Ash, Ground Elder, Dog Elder, Dwarf Elder,…

• Gracilaria, Graceful Redweed

  Gracilaria: The pot thickens
  People eat a lot of seaweed. They just don’t know it. In the industry it is called covert consumption vs overt consumption. What…

• Grapes of Path  (3)

  Vitis: Wild Grapes
  Who ever first wrote the phrase “grapes of wrath” certainly must have been trying to identify a particular grape vine.

  Grapes are at the…

• Grass and Tree War  (1)
  Point of view, thinking differently… Consider:What if plants are more goal-orientated than we think them to be? After all, we put ourselves on the…

• Great Grandmother Cat  (1)

  One of the reasons why Eat The Weeds exists is to advocate eating the wild foods around you but also to be another voice in the growing chorus that is…

• Green Deane’s Bio, and Oliver, Too  (1)

  If you have any comments or suggestions please send them to GreenDeane@gmail.com. The B&W picture is from a Christmas long ago. That’s Tinkerbell on my…

• Green Deane’s Videos On You Tube
  While these videos are still on You Tube and will soon be on DVDs, these links below do not work. In creating the page one character was dropped from every…

• Ground Cherry, Wild Husk Tomatoes, Almost  (2)

  Physalis: Tomato’s Wild Cousin
  I discovered ground cherries quite by accident.

  It was back in the last century. I raided a particular field…

• Ground Ivy  (2)
  Most of the time when someone mentions Ground Ivy the comment usually is something like “How do I get rid of the damned stuff?” Here at ETW we have have…

• Groundnuts and Bridge Diving

  For the second time recently I was reminded of development. My favorite field of lamb’s quarters is now an upscale gated community. And where I used to forage…

• Groundnuts: Anti-Cancer Treat  (3)

  Groundnuts: Dig ’em
  I will never forget the first time I dug up Apios americana, groundnuts. I got poison ivy. Oddly it showed up in the crook of one elbow,…

• Grub-A-Dub-Dub
  It had to happen. If you forage for wild foods at some point you run in to grubs and related insects and you wonder… edible? And once you’re past…

• Guinea Grass Panic Attack

  Panicum maximum and then some
  I eat grass. Actually we all do — rice, wheat — but my local trail nibble is Guinea grass, a relative to millet. I’d like to…

• Guinea Pigs, Cavy, Cuy
  Peruvians eat more than 65 million guinea pigs every year. That should answer any question about edibility.Sixty-five million guinea pigs (a 2005…

• Hairy Cowpea  (4)
  It’s called a Cowpea but it’s not THAT cowpea, and it has a famous relative that no one calls by its botanical name.So which Cowpea is it? Vigna…

• Halloween Editorial  (2)

  Halloween today is the most debatable of non-holiday holidays. With a past that perhaps goes back to Roman times it became in the Christian era All Hallows…

• Hardy Orange: Is the Hardy Orange edible? That depends on how hungry you are, or which century you live in.

• Have Dewberry, Will Travel

  Dewberries: Rubus Trivialis

  Dewberries go far in the world, for a lowly vine. They can reach up to 15 feet long, one node root at a time.

  Essentially a…

• Hawthorne Harvest

  The Crataegus Clan: Food & Poison
  The very first Hawthorn I ever saw — and the only one I knew for quite a while — grew on the other side of the dirt…

• Henbit: Top of the pecking order  (2)

  Henbit: Springtime Salad Green and More

  It was a zig and a zag for me. I heard the name as an edible for many years and saw the plant often but never…

• Hercules’ Club: Speak Softly But…

  Hercules’ Club: Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis

  I sometimes feel sorry for my neighbors, who have lawns of decapitated grass. I’m sure my wild-looking…

• Hickory Harvest  (2)

  Cayra coffee, or Hickory Java
  Hickories are not a migraine, but when you’re learning trees hickories can be a headache.

  Just as plums and cherries are bothin…

• High Bush Cranberry  (1)
  I miss High Bush Cranberries. They don’t grow within a thousand miles of here, and they aren’t really cranberries. But they are hearty and familiar fare in…

• Hit With A Plank  (1)

  There’s an old joke. A man had a mule sit down under a load. Mules can be very stubborn. And despite all his efforts the man couldn’t get the mule to get up. I…

• Hollies: Caffein & Antioxidants  (4)

  Holly Tea With Vitamins A & C

  This time of year in the South — late fall, early winter —some of the hollies are so scarlet with berries that even…

• Honeysuckle Heaven

  Lonicera japonica: Sweet Treat
  The honeysuckle family is iffy for foragers. It has edible members and toxic members, edible parts, toxic parts, and they mix…

• Hornbeam, Ironwood, Blue Beech

  Carpinus caroliniana: Musclewood
  British author Ray Mears must have been thinking of the Hornbeam when he said a forager mustn’t pass up food no matter how…

• Horse Meat
  “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.”We’ve all heard the phrase, and it comes from when horse was on the menu. It was rather significant phrase to me as…

• Horsemint, Spotted Beebalm

  Monarda Punctata: Bergamot’s Bud
  First the good news: Horsemint makes a nice, intentionally weak tea. Stronger brews are used in herbal medicine. The…

• Horseweed, Mare’s Tail  (1)

  Conyza canadensis: Herb, Fire, Food
  Conyza will light your fire!

  If you’ve ever made fire with a bow and drill — you know, the Boy Scout way — you also know…

• How Do Things Pan Out?
  When Europeans began to migrate into tracts of North America what was the one thing they had the native Americans wanted more than anything else? Rifles?…

• How Ungreen Of Us  (29)
  I’m reaching retirement age. I’m also reaching the point of being tired of being told how green we are today and how ungreen we were in the past. Oh? When…

• Huckleberry, Blueberries Kissing Cousin
  Gaylussacia: Huckleberry History
  What’s the difference between a blueberry and a huckleberry?There’s almost an easy answer. The huckleberry…

• Hyacinth Bean

  Hyacinth Bean: Purple Protein, and More
  I’ve never understood the brouhaha over the Hyacinth Bean. Is it edible or is it not?

• Hydrilla:     There is only one species of Hydrilla, verticillata.

• Ignite of the Iguana  (6)

  The cookbook’s title says it all. South Florida, parts of Texas and Hawaii have iguana issues. While teaching a class in West Palm Beach last fall I could not…

• Indian Pipes, Gold, and Emily Dickinson  (8)
  Monotropa is almost a monotypic genus. Instead of having one species in the genus there are two: Monotropa uniflora and Monotropa hypopithys.Most…

• Indian Strawberry  (5)

  Potentilla indica: Mistaken Identity
  One of the first things my uncle’s second wife said to me when I moved from Maine to Florida was “they have strawberri…

• Ipomoea: Water, Land & See in Gardens

  Glorifying Morning Glories
  Three of the pictures below are are not of the same Ipomoea. It’s three different species, but that should tell you something.…

• Is This Plant Edible?
  For a surprisingly simple question there is often a complicated answer. If it’s sea kale, then the answer is yes, top to bottom. It is edible. It is…

• Is wild taro in Florida edible?  (10)

  IS WILD TARO IN FLORIDA EDIBLE?
  “Wild Taro.” My research to date (fall, 2011)

  Is the wild taro in Florida edible? In one word, no. In two… may……

• It’s About Time  (1)

  I spend a lot of times in the woods, and also afloat. Three things you should always know in such environments are the cardinal directions, time of day, and…

• Ivy Gourd, Scarlet Gourd, Tindora  (2)

  Coccinia grandis: Cucumber’s Versatile Kin
  I was riding my motorcycle one day when I rumbled over a raised railroad track in an industrial area and to my…

• Jabuticaba: In it’s native Brazil the Jabuticaba is by far the most popular fruit.
• Jack-in-the-Pulpit, and Jill

  Arisaema triphyllum: Jack and Jill and No Hill
  For a little plant there’s a lot to write about with the Jack-In-The-Pulpit. Where does one start? What does…

• Jambul  (1)Syzygium: A Jumble of Jambul
  The Jambul tree makes you wonder what people were thinking.For a half a century or so the United States Department of…

• Japanese Knotweed: Dreadable Edible  (9)Japanese Knotweed gets no respect. Nearly everywhere it grows it’s listed as a prolific, noxious, invasive, dangerous bad-for-the-world,…

• Jelly Palm, Pindo’s Alter Ego  (4)

  Pindo Palm: Jelly, Wine and Good Eats

  Soon it will be time to go to the cemeteries. My visits are not memorial but rather culinary: I’ve got…

• Jellyfish

Stomolophus meleagris: Edible Jellyfish
“Music to the teeth” is what the Malaysians call them.Americans may not eat jellyfish, but the…

• Jerusalem Artichoke: Root Them Out  (5)
  There used to be a huge patch of Jerusalem Artichokes here in Central Florida beside the Interstate. Now they’re under a new exit ramp, and that was the…

• Jerusalem Thorn, Paloverde

  Parkensonia aculeata’s Thorny Past
  As foragers we are indebted to past writers and at the same time constrained by them.

  People who chronicled how Native…

• Jujube TreeZiziphus zizyphys: The Misspelled Jujube
  If you don’t find the Jujube tree, it will find you. The Jujube is covered with long, sharp thorns. They…

• Jumbie Bean, White Lead Tree  (2)

  Leucaena leucocephala: Food and Fodder
  Professor Julia Morton, the grand dame of toxic and edible plants in Florida, had this to say about the Jumbie…

• Juneberry

  Amelanchier arborea: Busting Out All Over
  Juneberries are as American as apple pie. In fact, they are more American than apples.

• Junipers:  In the cobweb recesses of my mind I have two memories of junipers

• Katuk Kontroversy  (2)

  Edible Katuk: Sauropus androgynus

  Katuk grows reluctantly in my yard. It likes truly tropical climes and I am on the subtropical/temperate line. But it’s…

• Kochia
  Immigration brought weeds from around the old world to the new world. Quite a few of them came from southern Russia — the grassy steppes — to the…

• Kousa Dogwood  (2)
  Cornus kousa: A Dog-gone-good Dogwood

The Kousa Dogwood is one of those plants that makes you ask: What is it?Its large, bumpy, red fruit looks like a…

• Kudzu Quickie  (4)Kudzu: Pueraria montana var. lobataThe government tells me that what grows up the street isn’t there.It’s kudzu, you know, the plant that…

• Landmarks

  Landmarks — accomplishments — are like a melody. Regardless of your taste in music, music is more than organized sound. Music firmly places you in time. When…

• Language of Flowers: A flower is a flower is a flower. But in Victorian England, one of the most self-repressed societies in modern times, the practice of using flowers to communicate was developed.

• Lantana  (3)

  Lantana camara: Much Maligned Nibble

  Ask anyone who has heard of the Lantana camara and they will tell you it is poisonous. And they are right. Unripe…

• Lawn Garden

  Can you have a “garden” that you ignore?

  I don’t see why not.
  Is That A Garden?
  Indeed, some might argue that is what my front lawn currently is. I really…

• Lemon Bacopa: Let’s Call It Lime Instead
  Lemon Bacopa, a misnamed edible nativeCall me cranky, but I think Lemon Bacopa has the wrong name.And, since it is wrongly named and no one comments on…

• Lemon Grass

  Cymbopogon citratus: A Real Lemon
  Technically Lemon Grass is naturalized in only one county in Florida, but you can find it in many yards and landscaping, and…

• Less Was Far More  (4)
  West of New Smyrna Beach, Florida, I stopped today and collected some thistle and took a few pictures. More than 50 years ago I marveled at the same plant…
• Lettuce Labyrinth  (9)

  Sorting Out Species
  Sorting out wild lettuce is one of the more difficult foraging tasks and may require you to watch a plant all season.

• Lion’s Mane

          I see Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) on the same oak log every fall at the same time to the day.

• Litchi Tomato

Foraging is a treasure hunt because with perhaps 6,000 edible species in North America there is always a surprise now and then such as the Litchi Tomato.

• Living off the Foraged Land

  I am not a survivalist per se, though every day I do break my personal best record of consecutive days alive.

  That said, I know many survivalists. They tend…

• Locusberry

  Byrsonima lucida: Food and Medicine

  The Locusberry rises to the occasion. When the soil is poor it is a foot-high tree. When the soil is good, it can be…

• Looking for Lettuce
  I like my 14,000 subscribers, and the email I get. Many of the questions I can answer or I can refer the writer to where the answer can be found. But….…

• Loquat: Getting A Grip on Grappa  (2)
  Lovin’ Loquats: Eriobotryae Japonicae
  Long before there were couch potatoes there were couch Loquats.Loquats are homebodies. Most people who live beyond…

• Madeira Vine, Lamb’s Tail, Mignonette Vine  (1)

  Anredera cordifolia: Pest or Food Crop?
  The Madeira Vine is a love/hate relationship. You will either hate it — as many land owners and governments do — or…

• Mahoe, Sea Hibiscus

  Hibiscus tiliaceus: Edible Chameleon
  It’s difficult to find a hibiscus you don’t like, including the Mahoe.

  In fact, to this writer’s knowledge all…

• Mahonia Malange: When I first heard of the Mahonias it was a bit irritating. They’re widespread shrubs in the western United States and here I was in Florida. But as time revealed, we have a Mahonia here, just not a native.

• Make My Day
  It was one of those moments. I was biking along a rails to trails, stopping and taking pictures of this and that plant for past and future blogs. Better…
• Mallow Madness  (2)
  Lunch Landscaping: HibiscusMy mother’s favorite flower is the Rose of Sharon, which of course didn’t even go in one of my ears and out the…
• Mangrove Mystery  (1)

  Mangroves: Marvelous Muck Masters

  I did an unknown favor years ago that may stump some stuffy botanist in the near or distant future, and a mangrove…

• Maple Manna  (1)

  Maples: How Sweet It Is
  Maple Walnut Ice Cream. It’s amazing what you can do with two trees and a cow. It was the prime ice cream of choice when I was young.…

• Marijuana Machinations: You can’t rummage around the woods as a forager without running into someone’s marijuana patch.
• Marlberries and Ardisias kin

  Ardisias: Berries on the cusp of edible
  The Ardisias are a confusing family in Florida.

  There is the native Marlberry (Ardisia escallonioides) that has…

• Mayapple, Mandrake  (2)

  Podophyllum peltatum: Forgotten Fruit
  The first time I saw a mayapple I was certain something that strange had to be toxic, and it is, unless totally…

• Mayflowers, Trailing Arbutus

  Epigaea repens: Spring Sentinel and Nibble
  It was an annual family ritual. Every spring when the snow had finally melted we’d go through the low Maine…

• Maypops Mania  (6)

  Maypops: Food, Fun, Medicine
  As popular as they are, Maypops get stepped on a lot, but that doesn’t keep them down.

  They are one of five hundred kin in…

• Media Interviews With Green Deane

  This is Green Deane being interview for the local PBS station for Thanksgiving, 2009. This show was voted their best episode of the year. http://www.wmfe.org/au…

• Melaleuca, Tea Tree, Sweetener, Pharmacy
  The Melaleuca tree is the most invasive “weed” in the state of Florida, quite a feat when you consider there are…

• Mesquite  (1)

  Mesquite’s More Than Flavoring: It’s Food
  If Euell Gibbons was still around he might ask, “have you ever eaten a Mesquite tree?” rather than his famous…

• Milkweed Vine, Latexplant, Strangler Vine  (13)

  Morrenia odorata: Menace or Manna?
  One spring I was looking for poke weed when I spied a liana I had not seen before. It had a large fruit that looked…

• Milkweed, Common  (3)

  Asclepias: Some like it hot, some like it cold
  The question is to boil or not to boil.

  Actually that’s not quite accurate. There is general agreement…

• Milo, Portia Tree, Seaside Mahoe  (2)

  Thespesia populnea: Coastal Cuisine
  One of my uncles had the type of personality that where ever he hung his hat, that was home. The Milo is much the same…

• Mimosa Silk Tree  (7)

  Albizia julibrissin: Tripinnated Lunch
  I was drinking “Mimosas” — orange juice and champagne — about 20 years before I discovered the Mimosa tree was…

• Mole Crabs  (8)

  Emerita: Mole Crab Munchy Crunchies
  Mole crabs are probably the most common ugly food there is, though most people don’t know they’re edible.

  Fishermen…

• Mole Crickets and Lawns

  The name of my website is “Eat The Weeds (and other things too.)” If you wander around the long index — or click on the category “critter cuisine” — you…

• Mole Crickets, Kamaro  (1)

  Mole Crickets: Digging Your Lunch
  Nearly everyone knows crickets are edible — cooked — but few ever mention the ugliest of them all, the mole cricket.

• Monkey’s Apple: Monkey’s Apple is proof kids will eat anything.
• Monkey Puzzle Tree

  Lunch Drops In

  My good friend Saul is a luthier. He repairs premium wooden instruments. It is not unusual for him to be working on a Stradivarius or a…

• Monkeys and Weeds
  Put five monkeys in a large cage. Then put a step ladder in the cage with a banana on top. Soon the monkeys learn to go up the step ladder and get the…
• Moringa, More Than You Can Handle  (6)

  Moringa oleifera ….Monster…. Almost
  If you have a warm back yard, think twice before you plant a Moringa tree.

• Morels are perhaps the most foraged and prized fungi in North America.
• Motorcyclists and Mushroomists. I used to have a friend named Randy Armentrout. He died about 20 years ago of a brain tumor. We knew each other well and attended many a social function…
• Mountain Ash, Rowan: Long before Henry Potter Rowanwood wands were popular  ancients carried talismans of the tree to ward off evil and ate the fruit.
• Mugwort  (3)
  Like some other plants with famous relatives Mugwort gets lost in the negative publicity.Mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris, is completely over shadowed…
• Mulberry Express

  Mulberries: Glucose-controlling hallucinogen

  I used to get a lot of dates using mulberries.

  Not to sound sexist, but women like sweet food. And when…

• Musseling In:  His name was Hap Davis, gardener, woodsman, hunter, fisherman, teller of tall tales.
• Mustard, Wild, Tender And Tough  (2)

  Cutting the Wild Mustard: Brassica & Sinapis
  Lorenzo’s Oil and Canola, Too
  If you can’t find a wild mustard growing near you, you must be living in…

• Mustards, The Little
  Coronopus, Descurainia, Cardamine, Erucastrum & Sibara
  There are numerous “little mustards” that show up seasonally, to populate lawns and local…
• Nagi Tree, Japan’s Calm Tree

  Nageia nagi: Forgotten Landscape Edible

  I discovered the Nagi tree quite by accident, and added another edible to the list. I was in Mead Gardens in Winter…

• Nandina Not Bamboo

  Not So Heavenly Bamboo: Nandina
  It’s not heavenly nor is it a bamboo, but Heavenly Bamboo is an edible, barely.

  Naturalized in many part of the world…

• Nasturtiums: Nature’s Nose Nabber
  Peppery Nasturtiums Natives of Peru. Do the peppery nasturtiums make your nose twitch? Then you know how they got their common name. “Nasturtium” means…
• Natal Plums Num Num  (4)

  Natal Plum: Incredible Edible Landscaping

  A good reputation is hard to maintain when your closest relative has a reputation for killing people. That’s…

• New Jersey Tea

  Ceanothus americanus: Revolutionary Tea
  New Jersey Tea wasn’t always called that. It was Red Root Tea until the Boston Tea Party. With no tea from China…

• Non-Green Environmentalism  (1)
  Early on I developed two interests. One was foraging for wild plants. It assured me food where ever I went. The other was watching clouds, one of the few…

• Nostoc Num Nums

  Nostoc: Nasal Nostalgia and Edible, Too
  My website is “Eat The Weeds and other things, too.” Well this one of those other things. While I have put seaweed…

• Nutria, Coypu  (1)
• I have a close friend who’s Cajun. He said his family was so poor growing up in the bayou that if it moved they cooked it and threw it on rice. That…

• Nutrition or Food?

  The 20th century was a hundred years of significant changes in what we eat. In 1900 food was … well… food, and real. No food pretended to be something it…

• Oaxaca lemon verbena

  Lippia alba: Oaxaca lemon verbena
  It all started with a little tour of his back yard.

  He’s an aging Greek professor and doesn’t like lawn, so his back yard…

• Only Plant In Its Genus  (16)
  Call it an occupational hazard but I began to wonder one day how many genera were unique, that is, they had just one edible species in them, the so called…

• Osage Orange  (13)

  Maclura pomifera: The Edible Inedible
  Sometimes everybody is almost wrong.

  If you google “Osage Orange” or “Maclura pomifera” (mak-LOOR-uh pom-EE-fer-uh…

• Oxalis: How To Drown Your Sorrels  (2)
  Sorrels are like McDonald’s restaurants: No matter where you are on earth there’s one nearby.That’s because the sorrels, properly…

• Palmer Amaranth  (1)
  A farmer’s headache is not necessarily a forager’s delight.Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) has been a foraged food for a long time. It was used…

• Palmetto Weevil Grub: Grugru

  Rhynchophorus cruentatus: Raw or Fried?
  Here’s what you’re looking for: A palm or plametto that is dying. The growing tip is dead, bent or otherwise…

• Pandanus: During several visits over the course of a year it looked like a large berm of tall grass, about the size and height of a one-story house.

• Papaya Proliferation

  Carica papaya: Survivalist plant

  Papaya comes from the grocery store, unless you live where it seldom freezes. Then it is another wild edible, naturalized in…

• Paper Mulberry  (2)

  Broussonetia papyrifera: Paper Chase
  If you are a forager, you will be told two things constantly: One is that the plant of your admiration is “poisonous.”…

• Partridgeberry: Split personality  (1)
  Mitchella repens: Madder BerryThe Partridgeberry will not save you from starving but it can make your salad prettier and might keep you alive or ease…

• Pawpaw picking up is rare  (8)

  Pawpaw Panache

  Finding your first pawpaw is a thrilling moment.

  I can remember exactly where it happened and when. It was the summer of 1987 in…

• Pellitory, Up Against The Wall Weed

  Pellitory: Parietaria is a Whiz
  Finding greens locally in the cooler months isn’t much of a challenge unless you’re looking for Pellitory . It likes to hid…

• Pennyroyal Florida Style  (2)

  Florida Pennyroyal: Piloblephis Rigida
  You will thoroughly enjoy tea made by Florida’s native pennyroyal, or maybe even a Mint Julep Floridana.

  An…

• Pennyworts Making Sense  (12)

  A Pennywort For Your Thoughts
  It’s one of those practices of civilization that plants with little flavor or calories — lettuce for example — are…

• Peperomia:  I went to college in Maine where winter lasts from about November 1st to October 31st.

• Peppergrass: Potent Pipsqueak  (3)

  Lepidium Virginicum: Bottlebrush Peppergrass

  There are two ways of thinking about peppergrass, either as a real neat wild treat, or an obnoxious, noxious…

• Perilla, Shiso   (2)
  The first Perilla I ever had came from a can, just like the kind sardines snuggle in. The leaves were very spicy and were used that way, as a spice. Later…

• Persimmon Provisions  (3)

  Persimmons: Pure Pucker Power
  About the only bad thing you can say about a persimmon tree is that it has pucker power, if you pick it at the wrong time.

• Pick Of The Littering

  If flowers could think they would view man as an errand boy. That floral perspective would also explain one of man’s more annoying habits.

  Scientist who…

• Pickerel Weed

  Pontederia cordata: In a PR Pickerel
  Pickerel Weed Primer
  If the Pickerelweed could commiserate, it would find a friend with the Natal Plum. The Natal…

• Pigeon Plums, Dove Plums, Pigeon Seagrape, Tie-TongueCoccoloba diversifolia: Seagrape Sibling
  The first time you see a Pigeon Plum it will look familiar. In the same genus as the Seagrape it shares a…

• Pigweed Potpourri  (7)

  Chenopodium album: Getting Goosed!
  My first recollection of Chenopodium album, pigweed, came around 1960 via a neighbor named Bill Gowan.

  Mr. Gowan was…

• Pillbugs, Woodlice, Roly Pollies  (4)
  Armadillidium vulgare: Land Shrimp
  What shall we call them? Roly Pollies? Pill Bugs? Woodlice? Sowbugs, or a half a dozen other names?They are…

• Pineapple Weed

  Matricaria matricarioides for Your Tea & Salad
  A hard-packed gravel driveway is the last place you would expect to find a delicate plant that makes an…

• Pining for You  (5)

  Pines: Not just for breakfast anymore
  Euell Gibbons became famous for asking, “have you ever eaten a pine tree?”

  A lot of folks had a laugh over…

• Plant An Alarm Clock

  I don’t need an alarm clock. I have a cardinal.

  I don’t know exactly which cardinal it is, and if I did I might be tempted to shoot him. Cardinals are early…

• Plants Can’t Run  (1)

  Plants can’t run. That’s why the vast majority of them are unpalatable or lethal. Guesstimates range from 5 to 10 percent of plants are edible. Let’s split the…

• Podocarpus macrophyllus  (4)Podocarpus: Your Own Hedge Fund
  One can’t learn everything at once, and so I came to know the Podocarpus macrophyllus late in my foraging…

• Poison Ivy Ponderings  (28)
  I did something this past week I have not done in some twenty years. I got poison ivy.Given what I do for a living, running around the wild all the…

• Poisonous and Irritating Plants of Florida  (4)

  Below is a circular published by the state of Florida in 1978. I think it is no longer in print though I have a hard copy. It is reproduced below. Visual…

• Pokeweed: Prime Potherb  (11)

  Can Be Deadly But Oh So Delicious: Pokeweed
  Poke weed will challenge your commitment to foraging.

  It is not the most commonly eaten food from a poisonous…

• Pony Foot: Are they edible? That is often asked about a little lawn plant called Pony Foot, or Dichondra carolinensis.
• Poplars and Aspens

  Populus deltoides: Popular Poplars and Aspens

  I know where there is one (1) Eastern Conttonwood. For a popular Poplar it is not common locally. Fortunately…

• Practicing Homelessness

  There are less Christmas parties this year than in the past, with economic conditions reducing the usual yuletide cheer. Still, there are some traditions.…

• Prepared for Life  (2)

  We met by accident in the woods. I had hiked for a few miles already and he had just entered the trail.

  When ever I go into the woods, or on water, I am…

• Prickly Apple, Apple Cactus, Fragrant Apple Cactus

  Harrisia Trio: Endangered Edibles All

  Just as it is important to know what to eat, it’s as important to know what not to eat, or if you do, how to do it…

• Puffballs, Small and Gigantic  (2)

  Lycoperdon perlatum: Edible Puffballs
  I avoided mushrooms for a long time, and with good reasons. Some of them are on par with cyanide and arsenic and…

• Purslane: Omega 3 Fatty Weed  (8)

  Purslane: Any Portulaca In A Storm

  Her name was Zona. She was a grand friend-in-law

  She had been a friend of the family for about a century. To be…

• Pyracantha Jelly and Santa’s Belly

  Firethorn: Pyracantha Coccinea
  I don’t think it is a coincidence that “ho ho ho bellies and Pyracantha jelly jiggle into the season just before…

• Pyrrolizidine on my Mind  (4)
  How much pyrrolizidine is too much? Or perhaps the better question is how little is too much?First, what is pyrrolizindine? Pyrrolizidine (pie-row-L…

• Quack Grass  (4)
  Plants of little use often have only one common name, or not even that. Plants that are valued or are a pest usually have too many names such Quack…

• QueenPalm: The Queen Palm and I got off on the wrong frond. Before I met one I had read it was toxic. There are a few toxic palms but the Queen Palm is not one of them.

• Radish, Mustard’s Wild Rough Cousin  (7)   Raphanus Raphanistrum: Radical Radis. The Wild Radish has an identity problem. It looks similar to it’s equally peppery cousin, the wild mustard. In…

• Ragweed: Some 18 generations ago — 600 years ago give or take a few centuries — some Natives Americans stopped cultivating a particular crop and may have moved on to maize. About 150 years ago — five generations — American farmers were raising crabgrass for grain when they, too, moved on to corn, the descendant of maize. So what crop did the Indians stop growing? Ragweed, the most hay-fever causing plant in the world.
• Raspberry Razz  (3)

  Rubus ideaus: Delicate Raspberry. Raspberries were the first wild fruit I noticed on my own and ate as a kid.

• Ravishing Radish Greens  (2)

  I didn’t cut the mustard this morning. I cut the radish… radish greens to be specific, Raphanus raphanistrum, said RA-fa-nus raf-an-ISS-trum.

  The only bad…

• Real Food Rules!  (3)

  This blog all started with hot dog relish.

  I happen to like sardines on whole wheat toast with onions and mustard. (Regardless of what you think of…

• Red Bay for all seasonings
  Persea borbonia, palustris, humilis, and americana, too

  Having a famous relative can make one grow in the shadows, as three Perseas know too well.There…

• Redflower Ragweed: The first time I saw Redflower Ragweed I thought I was seeing two species at once some weird combination of Tassel Flower and Fireweed. It’s way too big and has the wrong leaves to be a Tassel Flower but the blossoms remind one of a Tassel Flower but the rests of the plant looks life Fireweed/Burnweed.
• Reindeer Moss  (1)

  Edible Cladonia: What’s not to Lichen?
  Lichen can be harder to tell apart than twins in the dark. My guess my picture above is of Cladonia Evanii…

• Resources
  The quickest and safest way to learn foraging is with a local expert. You not only learn what there is to know but do not spend time learning things you…
• Ringless Honey Mushrooms: The first time I thought I saw the Ringless Honey Mushroom was on my neighbor’s lawn.
• Root Beer Rat Killer  (1)

  It’s not smart or nice to lie about plants. It can get someone hurt. But the truth can sometimes be elusive, even with plants.

• Rose Apple: The apple is in the Rose family but the Rose Apple is not though it can sometime taste like rose water… and watermelon… but not apples.
• Roses
  I’m not sure I found wild roses or they found me.I grew up in Maine. The local soil was usually either ground-up glacial sand, clay, which is decomposed…
• Rumex Ruminations  (1)
  Mainer Merritt Fernald, who was the Harvard wunderkind of botany from around 1900 to 1950, said all of the 17 native Rumex species in North America…
• Russian Thistle, Tumbleweed

  Salsola kali: Noxious Weed, Nibble & Green
  When you first encounter a Russian Thistle it is the very last plant you would consider edible. Wiry, tough,…

• Saffron Plum

  Sideroxylon: Chewy Ironwood
  The Saffron Plum is not yellow or a plum, that is, it is not a Prunus. And it is called a Buckthorn but it isn’t one of those…

• Saltwort, Turtle Weed and Reef Banana

  Batis Maritima: Salt of the Earth
  It has a dozen or more names, but no one is quite sure about its scientific name, Batis maritima, (BAT-is mar-IT-i-ma.)

  Fora…

• Sandspurs: Sandlot Sadists  (2)

  Sandspurs: Cenchrus’ Secret

  If I were ever to invent a torture it would be dragging someone naked through a field of sandspurs.

•  Sargassum Sea Vegetable  (1)

Sargassum: Not Just for Breakfast Any More
Sargassum — Gulf weed — comprises a huge number of seaweeds in all oceans, both bottom dwelling and free…

• Sassafras: Root Beer Rat Killer  (7)

  Sassafras Albidum: Beaux Gumbo

  Bet your sweet sassafras: If you’re on the young side ask anyone not on the young side: Root beer used to taste a lot…

• Satinleaf, Olive Plum

  Chrysophyllum oliviforme: “Chewy Olives”

  “Turn left at the Satinleaf.”

  That’s not an unusual direction in an area where Satinleafs grow, they are that…

• Saw Palmetto Saga  (4)

  Serenoa Repens: Weed to Wonder Drug
  Rotten cheese steeped in tobacco juice
  That’s how starving shipwrecked Quakers described the flavor of the saw palmetto…

• Sawgrass, A Cut Below The Rest  (1)

  Cladium jamaicense: Water finder

  In Wekiva Springs state park in Florida there is a high and dry stretch of scrub pine and palmetto bushes, and oddly,…

• Scarlet Runner Bean

  Two beans are grown for beauty, the Hyacinth Bean, edible with precautions, and the Scarlet Runner Bean, also edible.
  Humming Bird at “Emperor” Blossom
  It’s…

• Scorpions  (1)

  Southern Fried Scorpions
  If I were going to rely on scorpions in Florida for sustenance, I would starve to death.

  In over 30 years of rummaging…

• Sea Blite, Seepweed

  Suaeda linearis, maritima: Edible Blite

  While most people find Sea Blite next to the sea, I find Sea Blite on the other side of the barrier…

• Sea Buckthorn, SallowberrySea Buckthorn: Sour Source of Vitamin C
  If you are collecting Sea Buckthorn you’re probably cold.Just as some edibles are found only in tropical…

• Sea Club Rush  (2)

  Scirpus maritimus: a Tough Root to Crack
  If you mention Sea Club Rush among foragers they give you a very blank stare. Understandably so. It was a fall-back…

• Sea Kale
  Sea kale is nearly the perfect primitive food. It’s difficult to imagine it not being on primitive man’s menu.We know from middens that seafood was…

• Sea Lettuce, UlvaUlva: Sea Soup & Salad
  Ulva is the greenest seaweed you will ever see from shore, or in the sea for that matter.Ten species, all edible, are…

• Sea Oats

  Uniola paniculata: Feeling your sea oats
  Opinions vary on Sea Oats. Not on flavor. They taste good. The questions are, are they endangered or not, and which…

• Sea Oxeye: There are edible plants, and there are inedible plants. Then there are those that sit on the cusp of edibility: Edible but not tasty, edible in small quantities, edible but with a horrible texture, edible but strong-flavored.
• Sea Purslane, Salty Nibble, Potherb

  Sesuvium portulacastrum: Maritime Munch

  It looks like garden purslane on steriods growing in sand. And it grows all over the local beach, and other beaches…

• Sea Rocket Siblings

  The Cakile Clan: Seaside Edibles

  Food is where the water is, be it fresh or salt, and one of the waterway foods of North America is Sea Rocket. There are at…

• Sea-Grapes: Maritime Marvels  (4)

  Sea-Grapes: Costal Caterer

  A lifetime ago I spent many a night on a dark Florida beach near the Space Center sleeping out under Sea-Grapes.…

• Seminole Pumpkin

Cucurbita muschata: Seminole Edible
Unlike watermelons which are from Africa, pumpkins and their kin are North American. When Panfilo de Narvaez was…

• Seminole Wekiva Trail

  Seven-Mile Appetizer
  The squirrels are in hog heaven, if you’ll pardon the menagerie metaphor.

  It’s Thanksgiving, 2007, in central Florida and I…

• Sesbania Grandiflora  (1)
  Any plant called the Vegetable Hummingbird has to be written about.Sesbania grandiflora, has managed to work its way into warmer areas of the world…

• Seven Year Apple

  Genipa clusiifolia: An Acquired Taste

  Like a Suriname Cherry, you’ll either find the Seven Year Apple edible or disgusting. In fact, a lot of folks can’t…

• Sida, Wireweed  (5)
  Sida is barely edible. A member of the Mallow mob it’s an object de interest because it is also a significant herbal medication, of which I am totally…

• Silverhead, Beach Carpet  (1)

  Blutaparon vermiculare: Beach Potherb
  My first thought on seeing Silverweed “was what is clover doing growing on the beach.” Well, Silverweed isn’t a clover…

• Simpson Stopper

  Myricanthes fragrans: Nakedwood Twinberry
  I took me about a year to know the Simpson Stopper.

  While most people think of Florida as flat there’s actually…

• Skunk Vine

  Paederia foetida: Much Maligned Skunk Vine
  Sometimes botanists go a little too far, or at least Carl Linnaeus did when he named a particular vine Paederia…

• Slugs, Snails and Fresh Water Mollusks  (1)

  Are Slugs edible? What about Snails?
  There is only one rule you have to remember: When it comes to land snails, land slugs, and fresh water mollusks you must…

•   Smartweed 
  Polygonum punctatum: Smartweed. I can remember my first taste of a smartweed leaf… kind of like trying a piece of burning paper. Indeed,…

• Smilax: A Brier And That’s No Bull  (40)

  For The Edible Love of Krokus and Smilax

  No, that is not a “Walking stick” insect. It is the growing end of a Smilax, a choice wild…

• Snakewood, Nakedwood, Mauby  (1)

  Colubrina elliptica: Mauby has Moxie
  First there was Moxie, then Mauby… actually it was historically the other way around though few until now would know…

• Society Garlic  (3)
  Because I am asked about it all the time I decided to do an article on it: Yes, you can eat Society Garlic… well… most of it, maybe all of it.The…

• Solar Cooking

  Solar cooking. Something new under the sun
  Once you cook your first solar meal, you’re hooked.
  Does it cost less than conventional methods? It can, but…

• Sorrel: Not A Sheepish Rumex
  Of all the Rumex that grow in the South, Rumex hastatulus is probably the most pleasing. The tart-tasting intensely green leaves are hard…

• Sourwood:  Sourwood honey is considered by some to be the best-flavored honey in North America, perhaps the world.

• Sow Thistle, Prickly, Common, Field  (4)

  Sonchus: Sow Thistle, In A Pig’s Eye
  As I write it is in mid-January in Florida two of three local species of sow thistles are invading my lawn in great…

• Spanish Moss  (3)
  Spanish Moss is not edible. Well, barely an edible. The bottom of the growing tips (pictured above) provide about one eight of an inch of almost tasteless…

• Spanish Needles, Pitchfork Weed  (13)
  Bidens Alba: Medical Beggar Ticks
  Some plants just don’t get any respect. If there were a contest for under appreciated plants, Bidens alba , above…

• Spiderwisp, Cat’s Whiskers, Spider Flower  (6)
  The spiderwisp looks like a mustard that lost its way or got some psychedelic-laced fertilizer. It has four-petaled flowers as the mustards do, seed pods…

• Spiderwort: Pocahontas and Gamma Rays  (4)
  There are 404 years, as of Dec 20th, 2012, between the sailing of John Smith to the New World and spiderwort gamma rays, but they are…

• Spinach Vine  (1)
  I like to think of myself as biclimatic, living part of my life (thus far) in a cold climate and  part in a warm climate.

• Spring Beauty  (2)The Spring Beauty is aptly named.Actually there are several “Spring Beauties” and most of them are edible in similar ways. We’ll focus on…

• Spurge Nettle: The Nettle With The Mettle  (15)
  Cnidolscolus Stimulosus: It’s The Real Sting
  This is how to not dig up a spurge nettle root: Take a shovel, find a plant, and start digging.When…

• Stinging Nettles

  Urtica chamaedryoides: Nettle Knowledge
  Stinging Nettles Know How
  I was hiking one day when I saw what I thought was a mint I had not seen before. I…

• Stork’s Bill, Cranesbill

  Erodium circutarium, Geranium carolinianum: Two Bills You Want to Get

  Stork’s Bill is one of those little plants that’s not supposed to grow locally…

• Strawberries of Spring  (1)

  Fragaria virginiana: Be A Strawberry Sleuth
  Fragaria don’t like Florida. Only one northern county in the state reports having wild strawberries. But that’s…

• Strawberry GuavaPsidium littorale var. cattleianum: Strawberry Guava
  One man’s fruit tree is another man’s weed. My one Strawberry Guava tree is a fruiting…

• Strawberry Tree Curse

  Strawberry Tree, Koumaria, Koumara, Pacific Madrone, Madrona
  Any plant called “strawberry” other than a strawberry is doomed. Strawberries pack a lot of…

• Strongback  Not strong bark Bourreria succulenta: Soapy Fruit and Viagra
  Botanists are feisty in their own way. The Strongback is a good example. Is it B. succulenta or B. ovata? One…

• Sugar Cane on The Run  (4)

  Saccharum officinarum: Sweet Wild Weed
  Among the edible wild plants on this site are a few escaped fruit trees and ornamentals that have become naturalized.…

• Sugarberries & Hackberries  (3)

  Sugarberries are Hackberries with a Southern Accent
  Sugarberries like to be near water and that’s why it caught my eye as I coasted by: It was growing on top…

• Sumac: More Than Just Native Lemonade  (4)

  Sumac, Rhus Juice, Quallah: Good Drink
  Sumacs look edible and toxic at the same time, and with good reason: They’re in a family that has plants we eat and…

• Sunflowers: Seeds and More

  Sunflowers: Sun Sentinels

  His name was Bob Davis and he grew sunflowers some 15-feet high. I dated his niece, Edie May. I remember her and the…

• Sunny Savage

  I had the pleasure this past week of having the well-know forager Sunny Savage visit two of my classes here in Florida (If you think she is attractive on TV…

• Surinam Cherry: Only Ripe Need Apply  (18)

  Surinam Cherries: You’ll love ‘em or hate ‘em

  The Surinam cherry is not a cherry nor is it exclusively from Surinam. It’s also not from…

• Swamp Lilly Wrap

  Thalia geniculata: Swamp Wrap
  You won’t find the “swamp lilly” in many foraging books. For a big plant it receives little attention.

  Thalia geniculata…

• Sweet Clover

  Melitotus: Condiment to Tea to Blood Thinner
  When I was growing up we owned horses. Lots of horses. And they eat a lot of hay in the winter. Lots of hay.…

• Sweet Gum Tree  (4)
  The Sweet Gum tree is the sand spur of the forest. You painfully find them with your feet. The vicious seed pods have impaled many a forager and has done…

• Sweetbay MagnoliaMagnolia viginiana: How Sweet It Is
  Let’s say you want or need to trap a beaver. First you need a trap, but then you need to bait the trap. And…

• Swinecress, Wart Cress: Micro MustardsCoronopus didymus/squamatus: Smelly Pot Herbs?
  Opinions are mixed on Swinecress. I think it’s a nice walkabout nibble and pot herb. Others…

• Sword Fern’s Secret

  Nephrolepis cordifolia: Edible Watery Tubers
  Edibles are often right under your feet, or my feet as it were.

  I had a yard of non-edible ferns. If you like…

• Sycamores Get No RespectSycamores: Not Just Another Plane Tree
  Sycamore trees are not high on the edible list, unless you’re in need.Actually, sycamores, Platanus occidental…

• Take Things Lying Down
  Early in life I settled on a hobby I can do on a summer’s day, in a hammock, on my back….. No, it’s not napping. I watch clouds. Call it reclining…
• Tallow Plum

  Ximenia americana: Known by Many Names
  If I listed this edible under its botanical name few would find it. On the other hand it has some three dozen commons…

• Tamarind: I drove past a dozen Tamarind trees for a decade or so until I looked up one day. The lumpy brown pods on pretty trees had finally caught my attention.
• Tansy Mustard, Western

Descurainia pinnata: Abandoned Seed
What shall we call this little member of the Brassica family? Western Tansy Mustard or Tansy Mustard? We could always…

• Tape Seagrass  (3)
  It is said that all seaweed is edible but that’s not true. There’s at least one species that is not, Desmarestia ligulata. Why? Because it is laced…

• Tar Vine, Red SpiderlingBoerhavia diffusa: Catchy Edible
  Some times you just can’t identify a plant. Some times you’re frustrated for a few days, other times for a few…

• Tassel, Musk and Grape Hyacinths  (2)
  There are dozens of edible species that are wild in Europe and cultivated or escaped in North America. Three related species with a multitude of names are…

• Thistle: It’s That Spine of Year  (3)

Thistle: Touch me not, but add butter. Thistles, you’re either going to love ’em or hate em. Of course, I think eating them is the sensible…

• Ti, Good Luck Plant

  Cordyline fruticosa: Food, Foliage, Booze
  Simply called Ti (tee) Cordyline fruticosa spent most of its history with humans as a food, a source of alcohol, or…

• Tick Clover  (2)
  Tick Clover barely makes it into our foraging realm.I have found only one reference to its edibility. In the 47th volume of the Journal…

• Tiger Lily
  The word “lily” causes more confusion than four letters ought to be able to make. There are true lilies, usually not edible, some of them quite toxic, a…

• Tomato Tobacco Hornworms  (4)

  Manduca Cuisine: Eating Green Gluttons
  You’re picking tomatoes and suddenly there it is: Big, ugly and green, a tomato hornworm. To which I say, get or the…

• Tools of the Trail

  Over the years I have added a few items to my back pack that can make foraging more easier. You might want to add one or two of these items.

  The handiest…

• Topi Tambo, Leren, Guinea Arrowroot  (2)
  A lifetime ago off the Maine coast at low tide there were many mussel shoals. The vertical tidal change near the rock-bound coast can be measured in…

• Torchwood
  One reason to write about the Torchwood is very few people know about it these days yet it was once an esteemed wood and produces an edible, citrusy…

• Toxic tomatoes: I rarely write  about toxic plants because this site is about edibles. However there are enough prickly nightshades around to justify an article about them and how to identify them even if they aren’t edible.
• Traveler’s Palm Travails

  Ravenala madagascariensis: Palm, NOT!
  The Traveler’s Palm is reportedly known for providing wayfarers water, but it also has some food to offer as well.

• Trilliam Trifecta: Every May Day — the first of May — we kids would hang a May Basket on our teacher Arlene Tryon and disappear off the school grounds.
• Tropical Almond: I went to Ft. Myers one Friday to look at plants on an 11-acre monastery. On the property there was a large tree they didn’t know nor did I. The following Sunday while teaching a class across the state in West Palm Beach two students knew a tree there that I didn’t know. It was the same tree at the Monastery. Small botanical world. The tree was a Tropical Almond.
• Tropical Chestnuts: Pachira aquatica  (1)
  My foraging existence is slightly schizophrenic. I grew up in a northern climate, and I write about many northern plants, or it is accurate to say that…
• Tuberous Pea: Anyone who has mowed fields for hay hates vetch… wild pea.  It binds up the machinery and a lot of livestock won’t eat it. That’s a lose lose all around unless the vetch is Lathyrus tuberosus.
• Tuckahoe, Arrow Arum  (2)Peltandra virginica: Starch Storer
  You wouldn’t think there would be a connection between the United States’ Capital and a toxic bog plant, but…

• Tulip Tree  (9)
  Not every edible plant has to be a nutritional powerhouse. Some are “edible” by the barest of means. A good example is the Tulip Tree, Liriodendron…

• Tulips  (2)

  Tulips: Famine Food, Appetizer Assistant
  Many years ago a social acquaintance upon learning I ate weeds said she and her mother had eaten tulip bulbs. If I…

• Tupelos: Black, Swamp, Bear, Water, OgeecheeNyssus: Tart Botanical Tangles
  The Black Tupelo is an old friend from around ponds where I grew up in Maine to around ponds (called lakes) here in…

• TurtlesThe Shell Game: Eating Turtles
  The evidence is clear: Man has been eating turtle for a long time. But which turtles and how?While land turtles…

• Unresolved Botanical Ponderings  (2)Cnidoscolus stimulosis: Can the leaves be boiled and eaten like other species in the genus? I personally know of two account of…

• Usnea: Likable LichenUSNEA is not an international committee. It’s a likable lichen. In fact all but two of the 20,000 lichen are forager…

• Valuable Viburnums: The only significant problem with Viburnums is choosing which one to use, and which ones to write about.
• Velvet Leaf: Velvet Leaf is a commercial failure but a successful foreign invader.

• Vinegar: Your own unique strain  (5)
  The vinegar mother above —three inches across and a half in thick — was collected from the wild in Lake Mary, Florida, in 1996 and has been making…

• Violets’ Virtues

  Viola affinis: Florida’s Sweet Violet
  My introduction to violets was seeing my mother eat “Piss-a-beds” in the spring (Viola rafinesquii. VYE-oh-lah…

• Wapato: All It’s Quacked Up To Be  (2)

  Sagittaria Lancifolia: Duck Potatoes, Wapato
  Artificial grass is not grass. Non-dairy creamer contains a dairy product. And ducks don’t eat duck potatoes.…

• Water Arum, Water Dragon, Wild Calla: 

  Calla palustris: Missen…Famine Bread. Like so many in the same family the starchy rhizome of the Calla palustris is laced with calcium oxalate crystals…

• Water Chestnut: The Water Chestnut is a plant of contradictions.

• Water Hyacinth Woes
  Water Hyacinth Stir Fry: The state of Florida minces no words about the water hyacinth: “Eichhornia crassipes is one of the worst weeds in the…

• Water Lettuce  (5)
  No one knows if Water Lettuce is native to North America or not. Botanists disagree with some saying it’s from Africa, a few South America. Explorer and…

• Water Shield Salad

  Brasenia schreberi: Palatable Pond Weed
  The Water Shield is edible. The problem is getting it sometimes. It likes water … up to six feet deep. On the good…

• Watercress: Ancient Flavor

  Florida is the Winter Watercress Capital of the U.S.

  Nasturtium officinale (nas-STUR-shum oh-fis-in-AY-lee ) is one of the oldest leaf vegetables…

• Wax Myrtle Jewels  (1)

  Myrica cerifera: A Tree That Makes Scents
  Wax Myrtle was the Indians’ minimart of the forest.

  Need some spice? Drop by the Wax Myrtle tree. How about a…

• Weeds and Wolves  (2)

  I am often invited to see someone’s vegetable garden, and it’s usually growing well. Then I’m asked if I see any edible weeds, and usually there are some. I…

• Weeds of Southern Turfgrasses
  The link to the university’s site to buy the book — I do not get a cut — is here.The list of known edibles in the book is below. Many of…

• Welcome to EatTheWeeds.com  (28)

  No description found for this item.

• What’s Green and What’s Not?

  An arctic express of frigid air recently sped down and across the United States. Here in Florida it snowed for the second time in 33 years, delivering a week…

• When Is A Lawn A Lake?  (2)

  It sounds like a trick question, when is a lake a lawn, but there is a non-tricky answer: When it is in Florida.

  Regular followers of this writer know I am…

• When Scholarship Isn’t Enough

  I saw a religion-themed movie once that actually holds an instructive point for us foragers.

  In it a Catholic priest is facing a moral decision that could…

• Where Do You Forage?

  It’s a simple question with a complex answer. When I was younger the 1000 acres behind the house and the 2000 across the road answered that question. Today it…

• Where the Weeds Are

  There is little doubt that man has been foraging for food for a long time. As one might guess, in different places he foraged for different plants. He also…

• White Indigo Berry Has A Dark Side

  Randia aculeata
  The White Indigo Berry is not high on the food list. Dr. Daniel Austin, author of Florida Ethnobotany, has this to say on page 562:

• White man’s Little Foot: Dwarf PlantainWhite man’s Little Foot: Dwarf Plantain
  Plantain, Plantagos To Go
  When I was about 10 a bee stung my hand while I was being a pest in the…

• Who’s Manipulating Whom?
  I don’t care for Salvia coccinea. It’s not edible and it likes to crowd out my herbs. I’m forever removing it from flower pots. The other day I was about…

• Why Forage?  (1)

  Often I am asked “why forage for wild food?” Why that question is asked is probably worthy of an article unto itself. But here let’s focus on one answer (out…

• Wild Carrots and Queen Ann’s LaceDaucus Carota & Pusillus: Edible Wild Carrots
  I’ve never understood the confusion over identifying the Wild Carrot also called Queen Ann’s…

• Wild Citrus, Footloose Plants

  Feral Citrus: Snack, Seasoning and Soap
  Citrus, like apples when left unattended by man, tend to revert to their natural state of being sour and acidic. A lot…

• Wild Coffee But Not Kentucky  (5)

  Psychotria nervosa Florida Style
  Because I am constantly asked about it: Yes, you can eat the pulp off the seeds of the wild coffee, and yes, you can make a…

• Wild Dilly, Wild Sapodilla

  Wild Dilly: Almost Chique
  If the Natal Plum and the Wild Dilly could sit down and have a conversation they would probably agree that having a famous…

• Wild Fennel: One of the outstanding sensory experiences of hiking in Greece is smelling in the wild herbs one usually buys in little plastic containers.

• Wild Flours  (8)
  A wild flour is different than a starchy root. The Spurge Nettle has a starchy root that tastes like pasta but it does not lend itself to being processed…

• Wild Ginger: Wild Ginger is cantharophilic, sometimes myophilic or sapromyophilic.

• Wild Lettuce, Woodland Lettuce

  Lactuca floridana: Let Us Eat Wild Lettuce

  Wild lettuce is not as tame as garden lettuce.

  Garden lettuce is one of those nearly flavorless nearly…

• Wild Onion, Wild Garlic  (2)

  Allium canadense: The Stinking Rose
  Garlic and onions don’t like to set underground bulbs here in hot Florida. I got around it by growing wild onions,…

• Wild Pineapple  (2)

  Bromelia pinguin: Wild Pineapple
  I took the picture directly above while out bicycling on a Christmas Day, 2008. But, didn’t identified the object de green…

• Wild Rice  (4)
  Love and marriage, horse and carriage, Zizania and canoe… not exactly lyrical but you get the idea. If you want Wild Rice you have to go where the Wild…

• Will Bisin Make GMOs Look Good?

  I have long criticized what I call chemists in the kitchen. They brought us such things as cancer-causing additives, artery-damaging trans-fats, insulin-skewing…

• Willow Weep For Me  (1)

  Salix caroliniana: Nothing Would Be Finer
  The willow is not prime eats. It’s not even secondary eats. In fact, it is famine food, but, willow can also cure…

• Winter Foraging:   The thermometer was near zero one day when I was on ice skates collecting frozen cranberries.

• Winter Soul-stice

  On the shortest day of the year one should take a long look around. It’s the inventory time of year, a bit of soul searching. That requires a little looking…

• Wisteria Criteria  (3)Wisteria, Wistaria
  There is a duality to Wisteria, starting with those who think it is an invasive weed and those who like to eat its sweet, fragrant…

• Wood Oats

  Chasmanthium latifolium: Edible Wood Oats
  Most people discover Wood Oats by mistake. They’re traipsing through the forest, come across a plant, and wonder…

• Yacon  (1)
  Is it a Polymnia or a Smallanthus? Botanists took some 70 years to make up their minds. Let’s call it Yacon like the natives.In publications before…

• Yam A: The Alata  (6)

  The Dioscorea Dilemma: Which ones are edible, and what parts?

  One wouldn’t think wild yams would be hard to sort out. It only took me about a dozen…

• Yam B: The Bulbifera  (9)

  The “Cheeky Yam, or Yam on the Lamb
  Yam B, Dioscorea bulbifera, is definitely second best to Yam A, Dioscorea alata. Why is Yam B, the D. bulbifera second…

• Yam C: The Chinese

  Dioscorea Polystachya: Yam C
  Just like Rambo movies, there is Yam A, Yam B and, yes, a Yam C, the Chinese Wild Yam or the Cinnamon Vine yam, either way we…

• Yaupon Holly, Ilex vomitoria  (10)
  History has many layers and shades. It’s not a straight timeline of great clarity but more like a meandering muddy river with much confluence, influence…

• Yellow Pond Lilly: Raising A Wokas

  Picking Pond Lillies: Nuphar Luteum subsp. advena

  Once upon a time there was just one Nuphar luteum… and it was good.

  The yellow pond lilly…

• Yew:  The Yew can kill you.

• You Can Learn To Forage For Wild Edibles

  There is such a thing as a free lunch, or almost free: The edible wild plants around you.

  With a little specialized knowledge and a “guidance” system…

• Your Choice for a New Vegetable  (2)

  If you could choose one wild plant to become a commercial product, what would it be?

  Many people have tried to make poke weed (Phytolacca americana) a green…

• Yucca’s Not Yucky  (5)Yucca, Yuca: Which is Edible?
  When isn’t a yucca a yucca? When it is spelt with one “C” as in yuca.What’s the difference? A belly ache, maybe…